Revelation Chapter 5
A. One Worthy to Take the Scroll
1. (1) The Throne and the Scroll
“And I saw in the right hand of Him who sat on the throne a scroll written inside and on the back, sealed with seven seals.”
a. The Scroll in the Right Hand of the One on the Throne
The focus shifts from the throne itself in Revelation 4 to the scroll held by God, signaling the beginning of God’s plan to execute judgment and redemption.
The right hand symbolizes God’s strength, power, and authority (Psalm 118:15-16). It emphasizes that the scroll’s contents and its unveiling are entirely within His sovereign control.
Lesson: The scroll is not a lost or forgotten document but one firmly held by the Creator, affirming His control over history and His active governance of its consummation.
b. Written Inside and on the Back
Unusual Characteristics: Writing on both sides of the scroll was uncommon, as most scrolls were written only on one side due to the texture of the material. The presence of writing on the inside and back emphasizes the overflowing completeness of its contents—a document filled to capacity.
The abundance of writing suggests that the scroll contains the entirety of God’s decrees, detailing the judgments, redemption, and ultimate restoration of all creation.
Ancient Scroll Practices:
Scrolls were typically written in columns, unrolled horizontally from the left to the right. A scroll of Revelation’s length would measure about 15 feet long, signifying the vast amount of content.
Lesson: God’s plan is comprehensive, meticulous, and detailed, leaving no aspect of history or eternity untouched.
c. Sealed with Seven Seals
The Practice of Sealing Scrolls:
Ancient scrolls were often tied with strings and sealed with wax to secure their contents. The use of seven seals signifies:
Perfect completion (the biblical meaning of the number seven).
The utmost secrecy and protection of the document’s contents.
Each seal had to be broken in sequence to open the scroll, emphasizing that its revelations are progressive and under divine control.
The Nature of the Seals:
The seals do not divide the scroll into sections but secure the entire document. Only after all the seals are opened can the scroll’s full message be revealed.
Lesson: The seals symbolize the controlled unveiling of God’s purposes, with Jesus as the only one authorized to unlock and enact His divine will.
d. A Scroll Written
Diverse Interpretations of the Scroll’s Content:
Historical Misinterpretations:
Some suggest it represents the Old Testament, New Testament, or prophecy already fulfilled. These views are problematic because the scroll looks forward (Revelation 4:1) and is inaccessible to anyone except Christ.
Lesson: The scroll’s purpose must align with the forward-looking eschatological context of Revelation.
The Scroll as the Title Deed to Earth:
This idea is popular because the tribulation culminates with Christ reclaiming and ruling the earth (Revelation 19:11-16). However, God has never "lost" ownership of the earth (Psalm 24:1).
Instead, the scroll reveals how Christ will assert His rightful rule over a fallen world currently under Satan’s sway (Luke 4:5-8, 2 Corinthians 4:4).
The Scroll as God’s Redemptive Plan:
The scroll is best understood as God’s will—His decrees and purposes for finalizing history. It contains His judgments, the tribulation, and the ultimate establishment of Christ’s kingdom.
Roman Context of Wills:
Under Roman law, wills were sealed with seven seals to confirm their authenticity and ensure that only authorized individuals could open them. This mirrors the scroll in God’s hand:
Only Christ, the rightful heir, is worthy to break the seals and enact its contents.
Lesson: The scroll represents the comprehensive plan of redemption and judgment, held securely until the perfect time for its unveiling.
e. The Emphasis on Worthiness
The emphasis in Revelation 5 is not primarily on the content of the scroll but on the worthiness of the one who can open it:
Only Jesus, by His victory at the cross, is qualified to unveil God’s redemptive plan.
The focus on the seals highlights God’s sovereignty in the progressive revelation and fulfillment of His purposes.
Lesson: This underscores Christ’s unique role as both the Lamb who was slain and the Lion of Judah who reigns in authority.
f. The Scroll and God’s Sovereignty
The Scroll in God’s Hand:
The scroll’s presence in the hand of the one on the throne highlights God’s sovereignty over human history and eternity.
It reinforces the biblical truth that God alone directs the course of creation and will bring history to its intended conclusion.
Lesson: The scroll symbolizes the unfolding of God’s plan, demonstrating His authority over every event in history, from the smallest detail to the ultimate triumph of His kingdom.
Enhanced Lessons from Revelation 5:1
God’s Plan is Comprehensive: The scroll, written on both sides, represents the totality of God’s decrees for judgment, redemption, and restoration.
Only Christ is Worthy: The seals emphasize the unique qualification of Jesus to reveal and execute God’s purposes.
God’s Sovereignty is Absolute: The scroll in God’s hand assures believers that history is under His control, progressing toward His ultimate goal.
Worship is the Response to Sovereignty: As the scroll begins to be unveiled in Revelation 5, it leads to an outpouring of worship in heaven. The worthiness of Christ to open the scroll inspires praise.
2. (2-4) Who is Worthy to Open the Scroll?
“Then I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, ‘Who is worthy to open the scroll and to loose its seals?’ And no one in heaven or on the earth or under the earth was able to open the scroll, or to look at it. So I wept much, because no one was found worthy to open and read the scroll, or to look at it.”
a. A Strong Angel
Identity of the Angel:
While the angel’s name is not given, the description as a "strong angel" emphasizes his power, authority, and prominence in God’s heavenly court.
Many suggest that this could be Gabriel (whose name means "God is my strength") due to his role in significant announcements (Daniel 8:16, Luke 1:19). However, Scripture does not confirm this.
The Proclamation:
The angel issues a challenge to the entire universe: “Who is worthy to open the scroll and to loose its seals?”
This challenge is not about physical strength or authority but about worthiness. The angel asks not “Who is strong?” but “Who is worthy?”
Lesson: Worthiness in God’s eyes is not based on might or power but on holiness, righteousness, and divine authority—qualities found uniquely in Christ.
b. No One in Heaven, or on Earth, or Under the Earth
The Universal Search:
The phrase “no one in heaven or on the earth or under the earth” signifies a comprehensive search through all realms of creation—angelic beings, living humans, the dead, and even demonic entities.
This universal inability underscores the fallen and finite nature of creation. No created being has the authority, purity, or righteousness to execute God’s ultimate plan.
The Limitations of Creation:
The inability of anyone to open the scroll highlights that creation cannot redeem or govern itself. Only the Creator has the authority to enact His purposes and determine history's course.
Romans 8:20-22: Creation is subject to futility and bondage, waiting for redemption that only God can bring.
Lesson: This search emphasizes humanity’s total dependence on God. It is a sobering reminder that we cannot save or govern ourselves apart from divine intervention.
c. So I Wept Much
John’s Weeping:
John’s reaction—weeping greatly—shows his deep distress at the apparent inability to move forward with God’s redemptive plan.
His tears likely stem from:
The fear that the promise of Revelation 4:1 (to see “things which must take place”) would go unfulfilled.
A realization that sin, suffering, and injustice might remain unresolved if no one is worthy to open the scroll.
The apparent delay in the consummation of history, leaving the world in its fallen state indefinitely.
The Weight of Redemption:
John’s grief underscores the importance of the scroll—it is not merely a document but the unfolding of God’s will for the redemption of humanity and the restoration of creation.
Without someone to open the scroll, the judgments, triumphs, and ultimate reign of Christ cannot occur.
Lesson: The weeping reflects the longing of every believer for justice, redemption, and the fulfillment of God’s promises. It highlights the deep anguish that comes when hope seems deferred (Proverbs 13:12).
d. No One Was Found Worthy
The Requirements for Worthiness:
To open the scroll, one must:
Be sinless and holy.
Have the authority to execute divine judgment.
Possess the power to bring redemption to completion.
These qualifications are beyond any creature, including the greatest of angels, emphasizing the unique supremacy of Christ.
The Scroll’s Significance:
To open and read the scroll is not just to reveal its contents but to have the authority to execute its decrees.
The inability of any created being to even look at the scroll underscores its sacredness and the unique authority of God.
Lesson: This moment highlights the uniqueness of Christ as the only one who bridges the gap between God and creation. He alone fulfills the requirements of worthiness.
Expanded Lessons and Applications from Revelation 5:2-4
The Limitations of Creation: No created being—no matter how powerful—can take on the role of redemption. This emphasizes humanity’s dependence on God for salvation and the consummation of history.
The Importance of Worthiness: The strong angel’s challenge focuses on worthiness, a quality that is uniquely embodied in Jesus Christ, the sinless Lamb of God.
The Longing for Redemption: John’s weeping reflects the deep human longing for God’s justice and redemption. It reminds believers to pray fervently for Christ’s return and the fulfillment of His promises.
The Uniqueness of Christ: Only Jesus, as fully God and fully man, is worthy to open the scroll. This passage sets the stage for the dramatic unveiling of His worthiness in the verses that follow.
1. The Silence of Heaven
The Profound Stillness in Response to the Challenge:
The angel’s challenge resounds throughout all creation, but the lack of response emphasizes the absolute unworthiness of all created beings. Even in the heavenly realm, where the greatest angelic beings reside, no one steps forward.
This silence is significant—it showcases the unique supremacy of Christ as the only one qualified to act as Redeemer and Judge.
Lesson: The silence teaches us that apart from God, even the most glorious of His creation cannot fulfill His purposes or overcome the power of sin and death.
2. The Scroll as a Revelation of God’s Sovereignty
God’s Authority over History:
The scroll symbolizes God’s comprehensive plan for history, encompassing His judgments, blessings, and the ultimate restoration of creation.
The angel’s search reminds us that God alone determines the outcome of history.
Isaiah 46:10-11: “Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times things that are not yet done, saying, ‘My counsel shall stand, and I will do all My pleasure.’”
Practical Application:
In a world filled with uncertainty and chaos, this passage reassures believers that history is not random. God holds the scroll, and its seals will be opened in His perfect timing.
3. The Weeping of John as Representative
John’s Tears Reflect Humanity’s Despair Without Christ:
John’s weeping is not merely personal—it symbolizes the collective longing of creation for redemption and justice:
Romans 8:22: “For we know that the whole creation groans and labors with birth pangs together until now.”
Creation’s groaning mirrors John’s weeping, as both long for the fulfillment of God’s promises.
Without someone to open the scroll, the promise of new creation and the eradication of sin and death remain unfulfilled.
Application for Believers:
John’s tears remind us of the weight of Christ’s work and the devastation that sin has wrought on creation. They encourage us to yearn for Christ’s return and the completion of His redemptive work.
4. The Search as a Display of Christ’s Uniqueness
Why the Search is Necessary:
The search for someone worthy is not because God is uncertain or needs to discover the answer. Instead, it serves to magnify Christ’s exclusivity and worthiness:
The futility of the search underscores the uniqueness of Jesus as Redeemer and Judge.
It highlights the insufficiency of human effort and the necessity of divine intervention.
Lesson: This search emphasizes the centrality of Christ in God’s plan. Salvation, redemption, and history itself hinge entirely on Him.
5. The Scroll as a Legal and Redemptive Document
A Possible Connection to Jewish Redemption Laws:
Some scholars see the scroll as a reflection of Jewish laws regarding redemption and inheritance:
In Jeremiah 32:6-15, a deed is sealed to document the redemption of land. This deed could only be opened by the rightful heir or redeemer.
Similarly, the scroll in Revelation represents the legal claim to creation, which Christ alone is worthy to open and enact.
Christ as the Kinsman-Redeemer:
In the Old Testament, the kinsman-redeemer (goel) was responsible for redeeming land or people sold into bondage (Leviticus 25:25, Ruth 4:1-12).
Jesus fulfills this role on a cosmic scale, redeeming humanity and creation from sin’s curse through His sacrifice.
6. The Scroll and the Kingdom of God
The Scroll as the Plan for the Kingdom’s Fulfillment:
The scroll holds the decrees that lead to the ultimate establishment of Christ’s kingdom on earth. This includes:
The judgments of the tribulation (Revelation 6–19).
The restoration of Israel and the reign of Christ (Revelation 20).
The creation of a new heaven and earth (Revelation 21–22).
The angel’s challenge underscores that only the rightful King (Christ) can bring about the fullness of God’s kingdom.
Lesson: The scroll reminds believers of the certainty of God’s kingdom. Though the world may seem chaotic now, Christ will one day reign supreme.
7. Practical Encouragement for Believers
Trust in God’s Plan:
The delay in opening the scroll can seem like a time of waiting or uncertainty. For believers, this is a reminder to trust in God’s perfect timing and sovereignty.
Habakkuk 2:3: “For the vision is yet for an appointed time; But at the end it will speak, and it will not lie. Though it tarries, wait for it; Because it will surely come, it will not tarry.”
Anticipation of the Lamb:
The apparent hopelessness of the search sets the stage for the triumphant entrance of the Lamb in Revelation 5:5-7.
This reminds believers to fix their eyes on Christ, who is both the Lamb who was slain and the Lion who will reign.
Final Reflections
Revelation 5:2-4 captures a dramatic pause in the narrative, building tension and anticipation. The focus on Christ’s worthiness, the despair of creation without Him, and the assurance of God’s sovereignty make this passage profoundly significant for both theology and personal faith. It teaches us to:
Worship Christ as the only one worthy to redeem.
Yearn for the fulfillment of God’s promises.
Trust in God’s sovereignty and timing.
3. (5-7) The Lion of the Tribe of Judah is Worthy to Open the Scroll
“But one of the elders said to me, ‘Do not weep. Behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has prevailed to open the scroll and to loose its seven seals.’ And I looked, and behold, in the midst of the throne and of the four living creatures, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as though it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent out into all the earth. Then He came and took the scroll out of the right hand of Him who sat on the throne.”
a. The Lion of the Tribe of Judah
The Elder's Announcement:
John’s grief over the apparent inability to open the scroll is interrupted by one of the twenty-four elders, who redirects his attention to the One who has prevailed.
This elder highlights the Messianic titles of the Redeemer:
The Lion of the Tribe of Judah: Rooted in Genesis 49:9-10, where Jacob prophetically declares that the scepter will not depart from Judah. The lion represents power, kingship, and dominion.
The Root of David: Referring to Isaiah 11:1, 10, which speaks of the Messiah as both the offspring and source of David’s royal line. This title emphasizes Christ’s eternal kingship and divine origin.
The Nature of the Lion as Messiah:
Strength: The Lion’s strength is unmatched, symbolizing Christ’s power to defeat sin, death, and Satan.
Majesty: As the king of beasts, the Lion points to Christ’s regal authority.
Vigilance: Lions are known to sleep with their eyes open, signifying Christ’s eternal awareness and active rule.
Lesson: The Lion of Judah represents the victorious and sovereign King, fulfilling all Messianic promises.
b. Behold… Stood a Lamb
John’s Unexpected Vision:
Though the elder announces a Lion, John turns and sees a Lamb. This paradox underscores the dual nature of Christ’s mission:
As the Lion, He is the conquering King.
As the Lamb, He is the sacrificial Savior.
Sympathy and Power:
The Lamb is described as “standing”—alive and triumphant—yet bearing the marks of sacrifice (“as though it had been slain”). This depicts both the humility of His atonement and the power of His resurrection.
A Little Lamb:
The Greek word used for lamb (arnion) signifies a small or delicate lamb, emphasizing innocence, gentleness, and vulnerability.
Lesson: The victory of the Lion is achieved through the sacrifice of the Lamb, demonstrating that true power is found in humility and obedience to God.
c. As Though It Had Been Slain
Eternal Efficacy of the Sacrifice:
The Lamb appears as if freshly slain, symbolizing that Christ’s sacrifice is always fresh and effectual before God.
The imagery conveys the timeless and perpetual power of the cross:
Hebrews 9:12: “Not with the blood of goats and calves, but with His own blood He entered the Most Holy Place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption.”
Clarke’s Insight: Christ’s sacrifice is not a one-time historical event but an eternally present reality, always available for believers.
Practical Application: Believers can approach God with confidence, knowing the Lamb’s sacrifice is as powerful today as it was at Calvary.
d. Having Seven Horns and Seven Eyes
The Omnipotence of the Lamb (Seven Horns):
Horns in Scripture symbolize strength and authority (Psalm 18:2; Daniel 7:7).
The number seven represents perfection and completeness. The Lamb possesses complete and perfect power—He is omnipotent.
The Omniscience of the Lamb (Seven Eyes):
Eyes represent knowledge and insight. The seven eyes indicate that the Lamb has perfect and complete knowledge, seeing all things (Zechariah 4:10).
The eyes are linked to the seven Spirits of God, emphasizing the Holy Spirit’s presence and activity throughout the earth (Revelation 1:4; Isaiah 11:2).
Lesson: Though the Lamb is gentle and sacrificial, He is also all-powerful and all-knowing, perfectly equipped to rule and redeem.
e. The Seven Spirits of God
The Holy Spirit’s Role in Redemption:
The Lamb’s seven eyes, representing the Holy Spirit, indicate that Christ works in perfect unity with the Spirit to accomplish God’s purposes.
The phrase “sent out into all the earth” signifies the Spirit’s universal presence and work in convicting, empowering, and guiding believers.
Lesson: Redemption is a Trinitarian work, with the Father’s plan, the Son’s sacrifice, and the Spirit’s empowering presence.
f. Then He Came and Took the Scroll
Christ’s Worthiness Demonstrated:
No created being was worthy to take the scroll, but the Lamb boldly approaches the throne and takes it from the Father’s hand.
This act demonstrates:
Christ’s Authority: As the Redeemer, He has the right to execute God’s plan.
Christ’s Victory: His sacrificial death and resurrection secure His worthiness to enact God’s purposes.
Christ’s Obedience: His act of taking the scroll reflects His submission to the Father’s will.
Significance of the Scroll’s Transfer:
By taking the scroll, the Lamb assumes control over the destiny of creation. This is a pivotal moment, marking the beginning of the judgments, redemption, and restoration described in the rest of Revelation.
Key Lessons from Revelation 5:5-7
The Lion and the Lamb are One: Jesus embodies both power and humility. His victory as the Lion is achieved through His sacrifice as the Lamb.
The Cross is Central to Redemption: The Lamb’s marks of sacrifice remind believers that God’s redemptive plan is anchored in the cross.
Christ is Fully Equipped to Reign: His omnipotence, omniscience, and unity with the Spirit make Him uniquely qualified to fulfill God’s purposes.
Redemption is an Ongoing Reality: The imagery of the freshly slain Lamb assures believers that Christ’s atonement is eternally sufficient.
God’s Sovereignty is Secure: The Lamb’s act of taking the scroll affirms that history is under God’s control and will unfold according to His plan.
B. Praise to the Worthy One
1. (8-10) The Song of the Elders and the Cherubim
“Now when He had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb, each having a harp, and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints. And they sang a new song, saying:
‘You are worthy to take the scroll,
And to open its seals;
For You were slain,
And have redeemed us to God by Your blood
Out of every tribe and tongue and people and nation,
And have made us kings and priests to our God;
And we shall reign on the earth.’”
a. The Four Living Creatures and the Twenty-Four Elders Fell Down Before the Lamb
Immediate Worship:
When the Lamb takes the scroll, the response is immediate and universal. The four living creatures (representing animate creation) and the twenty-four elders (representing the redeemed) fall in worship. This act emphasizes the worthiness of the Lamb to receive the highest honor.
Worship here unites angelic beings and humanity, signifying that Christ’s redemption encompasses all of creation.
The Posture of Worship:
Falling down is a posture of total submission, reverence, and awe. It reflects the understanding that the Lamb holds ultimate authority and worthiness.
Lesson: Worship begins with recognizing the worthiness of Christ and responding with humility and adoration.
b. Each Having a Harp
Music in Heavenly Worship:
The harps (or lyres) symbolize music accompanying the worship of God. This heavenly scene reveals the place of music in glorifying God and celebrating His redemptive work.
This verse inspired the common image of saints in heaven playing harps, though it is not literal for all believers but symbolic of worship and praise.
Lesson: Music is a God-given way to express worship, both on earth and in heaven. It reflects joy, harmony, and celebration of God’s majesty.
c. Golden Bowls Full of Incense, Which Are the Prayers of the Saints
Prayers as Incense:
The golden bowls symbolize the value God places on the prayers of His people. Incense, with its pleasing aroma and upward ascent, represents prayers rising to God.
Psalm 141:2: “Let my prayer be set before You as incense, the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice.”
Fire is essential for incense to be fragrant, reminding believers that fervency (spiritual "fire") is needed in prayer.
No Mediation by the Elders:
The elders hold the bowls but do not intercede or mediate. Scripture makes it clear that only Christ is the mediator between God and man (1 Timothy 2:5). This opposes the practice of seeking mediation through saints or angels.
Lesson: Believers’ prayers are precious to God. They rise before Him as a sweet aroma, demonstrating His care for His people and their petitions.
d. And They Sang a New Song
A New Song for New Mercies:
In Scripture, a new song often celebrates a new act of God’s redemption or deliverance (Psalm 40:3, 96:1, 98:1). This song celebrates the Lamb’s redemptive work accomplished through His sacrifice.
The Uniqueness of This Redemption:
Old Testament saints rejoiced in the promise of redemption, but this new song celebrates the fulfillment of redemption through Christ’s blood.
Lesson: Worship reflects the newness of God’s mercies and the fresh revelation of His work in history.
e. You Are Worthy
The Lamb’s Worthiness:
The phrase “You are worthy” echoes the Roman practice of declaring the emperor verē dignus ("truly worthy"). This heavenly proclamation shifts the focus from earthly rulers to the true ruler of all creation.
The Lamb is worthy because of His sacrificial death and victory over sin and death.
Lesson: Worthiness in God’s kingdom is based on sacrificial love and obedience to His will.
f. For You Were Slain and Have Redeemed Us
The Price of Redemption:
The Lamb’s worthiness stems from His sacrificial death: “For You were slain.” Redemption was purchased not with silver or gold but with the precious blood of Christ (1 Peter 1:18-19).
The Scope of Redemption:
The Lamb’s blood redeemed people from “every tribe and tongue and people and nation”:
Every tribe: Social or familial groups.
Every tongue: Every language spoken.
Every people: Ethnic or cultural groups.
Every nation: Political entities or countries.
This highlights the universality of the gospel and the inclusivity of God’s kingdom.
The Destination of Redemption:
Believers are redeemed to God, not just from sin. The purpose of redemption is reconciliation and relationship with God.
Lesson: Worship celebrates the comprehensive scope of God’s redeeming work, which includes people from every background, language, and nation.
g. And Have Made Us Kings and Priests to Our God
Kings and Priests:
Believers are kings because they share in Christ’s royal inheritance (Romans 8:17) and are destined to reign with Him (Revelation 20:4).
Believers are priests because they have direct access to God and serve Him with spiritual sacrifices (1 Peter 2:5, 9).
The Priesthood of All Believers:
This truth opposes any earthly system that restricts priesthood to a specific class or group. As Spurgeon notes, every believer is a priest with the right to approach God through Christ.
Lesson: Our identity as kings and priests reflects both the privilege and responsibility of believers to serve and reign with Christ.
h. And We Shall Reign on the Earth
The Future Reign of the Redeemed:
The song anticipates the millennial reign of Christ, where believers will rule with Him on a renewed earth (Revelation 20:4-6).
This reign is not merely symbolic but a literal fulfillment of God’s promises to His people.
Lesson: The believer’s hope is not only in heaven but also in the restoration and renewal of the earth under Christ’s perfect rule.
Key Lessons and Applications
Worship Responds to Redemption: True worship flows from an understanding of the Lamb’s sacrificial work and its significance for all creation.
Prayers Are Precious: God treasures the prayers of His people, reminding believers of their value and impact.
Redemption is Universal: The gospel is for all people, regardless of race, language, or culture, highlighting the inclusivity of God’s kingdom.
Our Identity in Christ: As kings and priests, believers are both royal heirs and spiritual servants, called to live in light of this dual privilege.
Anticipate the Reign of Christ: The song reminds us to eagerly await the day when Christ will reign on the earth and bring ultimate justice and peace.
2. (11-12) Countless Angels Join in Praising the Worthy Lamb
“Then I looked, and I heard the voice of many angels around the throne, the living creatures, and the elders; and the number of them was ten thousand times ten thousand, and thousands of thousands, saying with a loud voice:
‘Worthy is the Lamb who was slain
To receive power and riches and wisdom,
And strength and honor and glory and blessing!’”
a. I Heard the Voice of Many Angels Around the Throne
The Expanding Chorus of Worship:
John’s vision reveals a growing circle of worship, beginning with the elders and living creatures (representing redeemed humanity and creation) and expanding to include the innumerable angels of heaven. This escalation emphasizes the universal acknowledgment of the Lamb’s worthiness.
Angelic Observation:
Though angels are not direct participants in redemption, they are profound observers of God’s work and glorify Him for His plan of salvation (1 Peter 1:12).
Ephesians 3:10 highlights that through the church, God’s wisdom is revealed to angelic beings, making them participants in the grand narrative of redemption.
The Harmony of Worship in Heaven:
In Revelation 4:9-10, the angels prompt the elders to worship. Here, the elders prompt the angels, creating a cycle of praise. This reflects a dynamic and mutual encouragement in worship.
Lesson: Worship is contagious and should inspire others to join in giving glory to God.
b. The Number of Them Was Ten Thousand Times Ten Thousand, and Thousands of Thousands
Innumerable Angels:
The phrase “ten thousand times ten thousand” is a figurative expression indicating an incalculable number, not meant to be taken literally as 100 million. It conveys the overwhelming magnitude of the heavenly host.
This innumerable company echoes Daniel 7:10: “A thousand thousands ministered to Him; ten thousand times ten thousand stood before Him.”
Heaven’s Population:
The vast number of worshippers reflects the limitless reach of God’s authority and the glory due to Him from all creation.
Lesson: The grandeur of heaven’s worship reminds believers that God’s kingdom is vast, universal, and filled with countless beings who glorify Him continually.
c. Worthy is the Lamb Who Was Slain
Angels Praise the Lamb for Redemption:
Though angels are not direct recipients of redemption, they marvel at God’s work and glorify Him for it. Their praise reflects their awe at the Lamb’s sacrifice and the magnitude of His love for humanity.
The Lamb’s Worthiness:
The angels ascribe worthiness to the Lamb because of His sacrificial death: “Worthy is the Lamb who was slain.”
This echoes the unique qualification of Christ, who alone is worthy to open the scroll (Revelation 5:5). His worthiness is rooted in His obedience to the Father, His humility, and His victorious sacrifice.
Lesson: Even those who are not direct beneficiaries of Christ’s work recognize and proclaim His worthiness. Believers should likewise exalt Him for His redemption of others and His work in the world.
d. To Receive Power and Riches and Wisdom, and Strength and Honor and Glory and Blessing
Sevenfold Praise:
The seven attributes ascribed to the Lamb represent complete and perfect praise, reflecting the fullness of His worthiness. Each term highlights a unique aspect of His person and work:
Power: Christ’s authority to rule over all creation (Matthew 28:18).
Riches: The wealth of grace and mercy He dispenses (Ephesians 2:7).
Wisdom: His divine insight and perfect judgment (Colossians 2:3).
Strength: His ability to overcome sin, death, and Satan (1 Corinthians 15:57).
Honor: The esteem and reverence He deserves as Redeemer and King (Philippians 2:9-11).
Glory: The radiance of His divine nature and victory (Hebrews 1:3).
Blessing: The praise and adoration He receives from creation (Psalm 103:1-2).
The Comprehensive Nature of Worship:
This sevenfold declaration reminds believers that worship must encompass all aspects of who Christ is. True worship magnifies the entirety of His attributes and work.
Lesson: Worship should be holistic, acknowledging every aspect of Christ’s character and redemptive work. Believers should strive to reflect this fullness in their praise.
Key Lessons and Applications
Worship is Expansive: True worship grows as others are inspired to join in. The scene in heaven shows how the praise of God radiates outward, drawing all creation into adoration.
Angels Marvel at Redemption: Although angels are not direct recipients of salvation, their praise reminds us of the immense value of redemption and the glory it brings to God.
God’s Kingdom is Vast: The countless number of angels worshiping the Lamb reflects the grandeur and universality of God’s kingdom. Believers are part of a far greater assembly than they can imagine.
Christ’s Worthiness is Perfect: The sevenfold declaration emphasizes the complete worthiness of Christ, reminding believers that every aspect of His character and work deserves worship.
Worship Inspires Unity: The mutual prompting of worship between the elders and angels reveals the power of praise to unite creation in glorifying God.
3. (13-14) All Creation Praises the Father and the Lamb
“And every creature which is in heaven and on the earth and under the earth and such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, I heard saying:
‘Blessing and honor and glory and power
Be to Him who sits on the throne,
And to the Lamb, forever and ever!’
Then the four living creatures said, ‘Amen!’ And the twenty-four elders fell down and worshiped Him who lives forever and ever.”
a. Every Creature
The Universality of Worship:
John’s vision encompasses every creature in creation, from heaven to earth, under the earth, and even the sea. The totality of this description emphasizes that all creation recognizes and declares the worthiness of both the Father and the Lamb.
This is a moment of universal worship, where the entire cosmos acknowledges the sovereignty of God and the redemptive work of the Lamb.
All Creation Groans and Rejoices:
Romans 8:22-23 describes how creation groans under the curse of sin, longing for redemption. This scene in Revelation reveals the fulfillment of that longing, where every created thing joins in worship, celebrating the Lamb’s victory over sin and death.
Lesson: True worship recognizes that all creation exists to glorify God. Believers should join this universal anthem by praising God in every aspect of their lives.
b. Blessing and Honor and Glory and Power
Combined Worship of the Father and the Lamb:
This worship ascribes divine attributes to both Him who sits on the throne (the Father) and the Lamb (Jesus Christ). The parallel phrasing and shared attributes are a powerful testimony to Christ’s deity.
Attributes of Worship:
The fourfold praise—blessing, honor, glory, and power—echoes earlier heavenly songs but now includes every creature:
Blessing: The acknowledgment of divine goodness and the response of gratitude.
Honor: Recognition of worthiness and majesty.
Glory: The radiance of divine splendor.
Power: The authority and sovereignty of God to reign and accomplish His will.
Lesson: Worship acknowledges the perfection of God’s nature and attributes. Believers should reflect these truths in their prayers and praises.
c. Strong Testimony to the Deity of Christ
Jesus is Worshiped as God:
Worshiping Jesus alongside the Father emphasizes the full equality of the Son with the Father in the Godhead.
Spurgeon’s Exhortation: Worship in heaven demands recognition of Christ’s deity. To deny His divine nature is to stand apart from the heavenly chorus and misunderstand the foundation of salvation.
Philippians 2:9-11: “At the name of Jesus every knee should bow… and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.”
The Work of the Lamb:
The focus on the Lamb underscores His unique worthiness due to His sacrificial death. The attributes ascribed to Him—blessing, honor, glory, and power—reflect both His divine nature and His redemptive work.
Lesson: Worship of Christ as God is central to true faith. Denying His deity undermines the foundation of redemption and salvation.
d. Fell Down and Worshiped Him
Prostration as Worship:
The term “worship” literally means “to prostrate oneself” or to lay flat in submission. This act signifies total surrender, reverence, and adoration.
In the ancient eastern method of adoration, worshipers would fall to their knees and bow until their foreheads touched the ground—a physical expression of spiritual submission.
A Lesson in Humility:
The elders and living creatures model humility, recognizing their place before the eternal God. This posture of worship reflects a heart that is fully surrendered to God.
Lesson: Worship should involve both the heart and body, expressing submission and reverence for God’s majesty.
e. Forever and Ever
Eternal Reign of the Living God:
The phrase “forever and ever” emphasizes the eternal nature of God’s reign. While earthly rulers rise and fall, God’s authority and worthiness endure for eternity.
Daniel 7:14: “His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and His kingdom the one which shall not be destroyed.”
Overcoming Persecution:
For John’s original audience, living under the oppressive rule of Roman emperors, this proclamation was a profound encouragement. The Caesars may claim divinity, but the true God reigns eternally, and His justice will prevail.
Lesson: Believers can find hope and confidence in the eternal reign of God, knowing that His kingdom will never end.
Key Lessons and Applications
Universal Worship: All creation exists to glorify God. Believers should join this eternal chorus by living lives of worship in every word and deed.
The Deity of Christ: Worship of the Lamb alongside the Father underscores Christ’s divinity, which is central to the Christian faith.
Humility in Worship: Prostration symbolizes total submission to God’s authority. Believers are called to worship with both heart and body, reflecting complete reverence.
God’s Eternal Reign: While earthly powers may seem dominant, the eternal reign of God reminds believers that His kingdom will ultimately triumph.
Encouragement in Persecution: This scene reassures believers facing trials that God’s justice and sovereignty will prevail.
Enhanced Insights and Lessons from Revelation 5
1. The Scroll: God’s Sovereign Plan
The Nature of the Scroll:
The scroll in Revelation 5 represents God’s sovereign plan for the culmination of history, encompassing judgment, redemption, and restoration.
Its seals signify secrecy and authority, showing that only a worthy individual could break them and enact the contents. This connects to Daniel 12:4, where a vision was sealed for the future.
The Seven Seals:
The seals on the scroll suggest the perfect completeness of God’s plan (symbolized by the number seven). This indicates that nothing can thwart God’s purposes.
Practical Lesson: Believers can rest assured that history is moving toward God’s appointed conclusion. Isaiah 46:10 declares, “My counsel shall stand, and I will do all My pleasure.”
Application: Trust in God’s sovereignty, even when the world appears chaotic. The sealed scroll is a reminder that God holds the future, and His purposes will prevail.
2. The Universal Search and Christ’s Unique Worthiness
The Failure of Creation:
The search for one worthy to open the scroll emphasizes the inadequacy of all creation to achieve redemption.
Humanity, angels, and even the rest of creation are shown to lack the power to overcome sin and death. Only Jesus, as the Lamb who was slain, possesses the necessary worthiness.
The Triumph of the Lamb:
The Lamb’s worthiness is rooted in His victory over sin through His sacrificial death. His triumph is not through power or domination but through humility, obedience, and love.
Lesson: This scene reminds believers that God’s power is made perfect in weakness (2 Corinthians 12:9). True greatness lies in humility and sacrificial love.
3. The Lion and the Lamb: The Dual Nature of Christ
The Paradox of Christ:
The elder announces a Lion, but John sees a Lamb. This juxtaposition highlights the dual nature of Jesus:
As the Lion, He is the King who conquers sin and death.
As the Lamb, He is the humble sacrifice who takes away the sins of the world (John 1:29).
Victory Through Sacrifice:
Jesus’ triumph as the Lion is accomplished through His work as the Lamb. This underscores the principle that victory in God’s kingdom often comes through selflessness and suffering.
Practical Lesson: As followers of Christ, believers are called to emulate the Lamb’s humility while standing boldly in the Lion’s confidence.
4. Worship as a Response to Redemption
The Song of the Redeemed:
The new song celebrates the Lamb’s redemptive work: His blood purchased people from every tribe, tongue, people, and nation.
This highlights the global nature of the gospel, fulfilling God’s promise to Abraham in Genesis 12:3 that all nations would be blessed through his seed.
The Role of Worship:
Worship in heaven revolves around recognizing and exalting the Lamb’s worthiness. It is a response to God’s attributes and actions—His sovereignty, redemption, and ultimate plan for creation.
Practical Lesson: True worship flows from an understanding of who God is and what He has done. Believers should cultivate a heart of gratitude and awe.
5. The Sevenfold Praise
Attributes of the Lamb’s Worthiness:
The sevenfold declaration in Revelation 5:12 highlights Christ’s power, riches, wisdom, strength, honor, glory, and blessing.
These attributes reflect His divine nature and redemptive work, and they encourage believers to worship Him holistically.
Application:
Believers should reflect these attributes in their lives:
Power: Relying on God’s strength in weakness.
Riches: Valuing spiritual treasures over earthly wealth.
Wisdom: Seeking divine guidance in all things.
Strength: Persevering through trials with faith.
Honor, Glory, and Blessing: Living lives that glorify God.
6. The Participation of Angels
Angelic Observers of Redemption:
Angels marvel at God’s plan of redemption, though they are not direct recipients of it (1 Peter 1:12).
Their worship demonstrates the cosmic significance of Christ’s redemptive work, which impacts not just humanity but all of creation.
Lesson: If angels, who are sinless and mighty, worship Christ for His redemption of humanity, how much more should believers exalt Him for His grace?
7. The Universal Worship of Creation
All Creation Joins the Chorus:
The worship of “every creature” in Revelation 5:13 signifies the culmination of redemption, where all creation acknowledges God’s sovereignty and the Lamb’s worthiness.
This anticipates the new heaven and new earth of Revelation 21-22, where creation is fully restored.
God’s Ultimate Victory:
The scene reflects the fulfillment of Philippians 2:10-11, where every knee will bow and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord.
Lesson: The universal worship of creation reminds believers that God’s purposes are unstoppable. It encourages us to live in anticipation of the day when all things will be made new.
8. Practical Applications for Believers
Living as Kings and Priests:
Revelation 5:10 declares that believers are made kings and priests to God, reflecting both their royal inheritance and their priestly role in worship and intercession.
1 Peter 2:9: “You are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation.”
Practical Application: Believers are called to live with authority (as kings) and holiness (as priests), reflecting their identity in Christ.
Joining Heaven’s Worship:
The worship of heaven serves as a model for believers on earth. It reminds us to center our lives on Christ’s worthiness and to live in continual praise.
Practical Application: Let worship be a daily practice, not limited to corporate gatherings but expressed through every aspect of life.
9. Christ’s Atonement is Perpetually Effective
The Lamb Appears as Slain:
The imagery of the Lamb “as though it had been slain” reminds us that Christ’s sacrifice remains fresh and eternally effective before God.
Practical Lesson: Believers can approach God with confidence, knowing that Christ’s atoning work is always sufficient (Hebrews 10:14).
Final Lessons from Revelation 5
God’s Sovereignty is Absolute: The scroll in the Father’s hand assures us that He is in control of history, and His purposes will be fulfilled.
Christ is Central to Redemption: The Lamb’s worthiness highlights that salvation is found in Him alone.
Worship is the Right Response: Revelation 5 challenges believers to live lives of worship, exalting Christ for His sacrifice and reign.
Anticipate Ultimate Victory: The universal worship of creation assures us that God’s victory is certain, encouraging us to persevere in faith.
Embrace Your Identity: As kings and priests, believers are called to live in authority and holiness, reflecting their redeemed status.
1. The Scroll as Covenant Fulfillment
Covenant Imagery:
The sealed scroll could be viewed as representing the fulfillment of God’s covenant promises, tying Revelation to the broader biblical narrative.
God’s covenants with Abraham, Moses, and David point forward to Christ, who fulfills them all (Luke 1:68-75). The scroll reveals how God will bring these promises to completion.
Lesson: The Lamb is not only the Redeemer but also the Mediator of the New Covenant (Hebrews 9:15). Revelation 5 reminds believers that Jesus secures all of God’s promises for His people.
2. The Role of the Trinity in Redemption
Trinitarian Presence:
The Father holds the scroll, the Lamb takes it, and the seven Spirits of God (Revelation 5:6) represent the Holy Spirit. This scene reveals the unified work of the Trinity in redemption:
The Father’s plan.
The Son’s sacrifice.
The Spirit’s empowerment and presence.
Lesson: Redemption is a cooperative work of the Trinity. Believers are invited into this divine fellowship (2 Corinthians 13:14) and should live with a sense of awe at the mystery of God’s triune nature.
3. The Redemption of Creation
Cosmic Scope of Redemption:
The worship of every creature reflects the cosmic scope of Christ’s redemptive work. While humanity is the primary beneficiary of salvation, creation itself will be set free from its bondage to corruption (Romans 8:21).
This universal worship anticipates the new creation, where heaven and earth are united (Revelation 21:1-5).
Lesson: Revelation 5 reminds believers that salvation is not just personal but cosmic, encompassing all of creation. This inspires hope for the renewal of the world.
4. The New Song as an Expression of Joy
Joy in Redemption:
The new song is not merely a theological statement but an outburst of joy and gratitude for the Lamb’s work. It reflects the heart of worship as delight in God’s glory and grace.
Practical Application: Worship should flow from a deep awareness of God’s goodness, marked by gratitude for His work in our lives.
5. The Lamb’s Victory Over Evil
Jesus’ Authority to Judge:
By taking the scroll, the Lamb asserts His authority to execute judgment and bring justice to the earth. The opening of the seals (in Revelation 6) marks the beginning of this process.
This authority comes from His victory on the cross, where He disarmed the powers of darkness (Colossians 2:15).
Lesson: Believers can take comfort knowing that Christ will judge evil and vindicate His people. His victory is already secure, even as we await its full manifestation.
6. A Pattern for Worship Today
The Elements of Worship:
Revelation 5 offers a model for worship that includes:
Music and song (harps).
Prayer (golden bowls of incense).
Proclamation of God’s attributes (sevenfold praise).
Physical expression (falling down in reverence).
Lesson: Worship is holistic, engaging the heart, mind, and body. This reminds believers to approach God with reverence, creativity, and wholehearted devotion.
7. Christ’s Worthiness and Our Mission
Global Mission:
The Lamb’s redemption encompasses people from every tribe, tongue, people, and nation, highlighting the universality of the gospel. This reinforces the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20) and the certainty of its fulfillment.
Lesson: Revelation 5 inspires believers to participate in God’s mission, knowing that His plan includes people from every corner of the earth.
8. Assurance in God’s Sovereignty
A Message of Hope:
For John’s original audience, who faced persecution under Roman rule, Revelation 5 offered assurance that God is in control. The scroll is in His hand, and history is unfolding according to His plan.
For modern readers, this chapter serves as a reminder that no matter how chaotic the world appears, God’s purposes will prevail.
Lesson: Trusting in God’s sovereignty brings peace in uncertain times. Believers can confidently rest in the Lamb’s victory and the Father’s plan.
