Revelation Chapter 4
A. The Transition to Revelation Chapter 4
1. Revelation 1:19 as the Outline
Revelation 1:19 provides a divinely inspired outline of the book:
"The things which you have seen" refers to the vision of the glorified Christ in chapter 1.
"The things which are" refers to the letters to the seven churches in chapters 2 and 3, describing the church age.
"The things which shall take place after this" (meta tauta) marks the events of chapters 4–22.
In Revelation 4:1, the repetition of meta tauta (“after this”) signals the beginning of the prophetic future. This transition is crucial for understanding the premil-pretrib view because it indicates a shift from the church age to the events following the rapture.
Key Lesson: Revelation 4 begins the prophetic unveiling of end-time events, distinct from the messages to the church, emphasizing God’s sovereignty over history.
2. A Heavenly Perspective
Revelation 4:1: John is called up to heaven, symbolizing the rapture of the church. Many premil-pretrib scholars view this as a typological picture of the church being caught up before the tribulation begins.
The shift to a heavenly vantage point underscores God’s throne as the center of divine authority and judgment.
Key Biblical Parallels:
Isaiah 6:1-8: Isaiah’s vision of God’s throne emphasizes God’s holiness and the worship of the heavenly host.
Ezekiel 1: Ezekiel’s vision of the throne reflects God’s glory and sovereignty over all creation.
The Tabernacle: The design of the earthly Tabernacle reflects heavenly realities (Hebrews 8:5), reminding us that God’s throne room is the true Holy of Holies.
Symbolism in Revelation 4:
While John uses symbols, not all descriptions are purely symbolic. For example, the throne of God is both a literal and symbolic depiction of His supreme authority.
Charles Spurgeon’s Wisdom: The details revealed about heaven are sufficient for our faith and encouragement but not exhaustive. God reveals enough to draw us closer to Him, not to gratify idle curiosity.
Key Lesson: The perspective of heaven in Revelation 4 reminds believers of God’s sovereignty and His ultimate control over the events of history.
3. The Beginning of God’s Judgment
Revelation 4:2 introduces God’s throne in heaven, the focal point of divine authority from which judgments are decreed. This section transitions to the Great Tribulation (chapters 6–19), where God’s wrath is poured out upon a rebellious world.
This period, often referred to as the “Messianic Woes” or “Time of Jacob’s Trouble” (Jeremiah 30:7), is a time of unparalleled judgment leading to the second coming of Christ and His millennial reign.
The Instruments of Judgment:
Seven-sealed scroll: Revelation 5–8.
Seven trumpets: Revelation 8–11.
Seven signs: Revelation 12–14.
Seven bowls: Revelation 15–16.
These judgments are cumulative, intensifying as the tribulation progresses.
Key Lesson: God’s judgment flows from His holiness and justice. It serves both to punish sin and to prepare the world for the reign of Christ.
Summary
The transition to Revelation 4 marks a significant shift in the book’s focus, moving from the church age to the events of the future. Key takeaways for a premil-pretrib understanding include:
The meta tauta phrase confirms the division of the book into past, present, and future.
The heavenly perspective emphasizes God’s sovereignty and the certainty of His plan.
The focus on God’s throne introduces His righteous judgments, which will culminate in Christ’s millennial reign.
For believers, this chapter serves as both a comfort (God is in control) and a call to readiness (Christ’s return is imminent, and His judgments are just). It sets the stage for understanding God’s plan for the end times.
B. John Enters Heaven
1. (1) John is Called Up into Heaven
After these things I looked, and behold, a door standing open in heaven. And the first voice which I heard was like a trumpet speaking with me, saying, "Come up here, and I will show you things which must take place after this."
a. After these things
The phrase "after these things" (Greek: meta tauta) indicates a transition. Chapters 2 and 3 addressed the seven churches, which represent the entire church age. Now, John’s vision moves beyond the church age to future events. This marks the beginning of the prophetic, eschatological section of Revelation.
Lesson: This transition underscores the division of Revelation as outlined in Revelation 1:19, where Jesus tells John to write:
What he has seen (chapter 1).
The things that are (chapters 2–3, the church age).
The things which shall take place after this (chapters 4–22).
b. The first voice which I heard
The voice John heard in Revelation 1:10 now speaks again. This voice is Jesus, calling John into the heavenly realm for further revelation.
"Like a trumpet": This description emphasizes the voice’s clarity, authority, and urgency. It reflects the use of trumpets in Scripture to summon Israel (Numbers 10:2-3) or announce significant events (1 Thessalonians 4:16).
Lesson: Christ’s voice carries divine authority, commanding attention and summoning believers to His purposes.
c. Come up here, and I will show you things which must take place after this
This invitation emphasizes that John’s vision will reveal future events (meta tauta).
Some interpret these events as symbolic representations of past or present occurrences, but the premillennial, pretribulational view holds that these chapters describe literal, future events.
The events in chapters 6–19, especially the judgments, have not been fulfilled historically or symbolically in a way consistent with the text’s detail and intensity. Therefore, they are seen as yet future.
Lesson: This passage affirms the futurist interpretation of Revelation, distinguishing it from preterist or historicist views.
d. Like a trumpet… Come up here
Many see John’s ascent to heaven as a symbol of the rapture of the church, consistent with 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17 and 1 Corinthians 15:51-52.
Just as John is called up before the judgments of Revelation begin, the church will be caught up to meet the Lord in the air before the wrath of the tribulation is poured out (Revelation 6–19).
This interpretation is reinforced by the absence of the word "church" in Revelation 4–19. The church is not mentioned during the tribulation, further supporting the pretribulational rapture view.
Significance of the Pattern:
Jesus completes His instructions to the churches (chapters 2–3).
John is called up to heaven with a voice "like a trumpet" (4:1).
John observes the coming judgments from a heavenly perspective, just as the church will be removed before the tribulation begins.
Lesson: This passage provides a vivid picture of the church’s removal before the tribulation, offering comfort and assurance to believers that they are not destined for wrath (1 Thessalonians 5:9).
2. (2a) John Goes Up, in the Spirit
Immediately I was in the Spirit.
a. Immediately I was in the Spirit
John experiences a new spiritual state beyond what he described in Revelation 1:10. This suggests a deeper, more vivid encounter with heavenly realities, possibly akin to the visions of prophets like Ezekiel or Paul.
Lesson: God’s revelation often requires a spiritual transformation or heightened awareness, allowing believers to perceive divine truths.
b. In the Spirit
The exact nature of John’s experience is mysterious. Was his body also taken to heaven, or was it purely a spiritual vision? John does not clarify, and Paul faced a similar uncertainty during his own heavenly experience (2 Corinthians 12:1-4).
Lesson: The details of heavenly experiences often remain beyond human comprehension, reinforcing our reliance on faith and trust in God’s revelation.
Conclusion:
The opening verses of Revelation 4 mark a pivotal shift in the book, transitioning from the church age to the eschatological future. John’s call to heaven illustrates:
The beginning of God’s prophetic plan for the end times.
A symbolic picture of the pretribulational rapture, assuring believers of their deliverance from wrath.
The necessity of viewing future events from a heavenly perspective, grounded in God’s sovereignty and authority.
This sets the stage for the unfolding of God’s judgments and the ultimate establishment of His Kingdom on earth.
C. John’s Description of Heaven
1. (2b) The Point of Focus: A Throne Set in Heaven
“And behold, a throne set in heaven, and One sat on the throne.”
a. And behold, a throne
John’s first impression of heaven centers on the throne, the central feature of the vision. Everything else is described in relation to this throne, emphasizing its significance.
Theological Implications of the Throne:
i. Atheism and Materialism: These worldviews deny the existence of a throne—no ultimate authority or accountability in the universe.
ii. Humanism: This worldview acknowledges a throne but places man on it, elevating human reason or leadership to ultimate authority. This self-deification can lead to tyranny, as seen in historical dictators like Lenin, Stalin, and Mao.Lesson: Humanity instinctively recognizes the necessity of a supreme authority. The rejection of God’s throne inevitably leads to flawed substitutes that bring destruction.
b. And One sat on the throne
The throne is not empty; God Himself sits on it, declaring His sovereignty over all creation. The image reinforces not only God’s presence but His absolute authority and right to judge.
The Sovereignty of God:
i. Until one acknowledges the reality of an occupied throne in heaven, their understanding of the world, history, and eternity will remain incomplete.
ii. "At the center of everything is an occupied throne" (Morgan). This truth is foundational for a biblical worldview and eschatology.
2. (3) What John Saw at the Heavenly Throne
“And He who sat there was like a jasper and a sardius stone in appearance; and there was a rainbow around the throne, in appearance like an emerald.”
a. And He who sat there was like
John does not describe a physical form for the One on the throne, reflecting the ineffable glory of God. Instead, he describes the emanation of light and color, symbolizing God’s majesty and character.
Lesson: The descriptions point to the transcendent and indescribable nature of God’s being. His glory cannot be fully captured in human terms.
b. Like a jasper and a sardius stone in appearance
Jasper (possibly a diamond): Represents purity and brilliance, reflecting the glory of God’s holiness.
Sardius (deep red): Represents God’s justice and sacrificial love, symbolizing Christ’s atoning blood shed at Calvary.
Possible Interpretations:
i. The colors may symbolize the empty tomb (white) and the sacrifice of Christ (red).
ii. They may also correspond to the first and last stones on the high priest’s breastplate (Exodus 39:8-13), representing God’s covenantal relationship with His people from beginning to end.
c. And there was a rainbow around the throne
The rainbow, with its green hue (emerald-like in appearance), encircles the throne, symbolizing God’s mercy and covenant faithfulness.
i. Genesis 9:11-17: The rainbow recalls God’s covenant with Noah, a promise to never again destroy the earth with a flood.
ii. Divine Sovereignty and Mercy: The rainbow signifies that God’s judgments are always tempered by His promises and grace. His sovereignty is not arbitrary but bound by His character and covenantal commitments.Lesson: The rainbow around the throne reminds believers that God’s power is always exercised within the boundaries of His grace and faithfulness.
d. A throne and a promise
Contrast Between Throne and Rainbow:
i. A throne declares absolute authority: "I can do whatever I want."
ii. A promise declares commitment and constraint: "I will fulfill My Word to you."Remarkable Balance: God’s throne of sovereignty is encircled by His covenant of mercy. This assures believers that God’s authority is always exercised in alignment with His character.
Spurgeon’s Reflection:
i. God’s sovereignty could, in theory, allow Him to abandon His people—but His promises ensure that He never will.
ii. As a sovereign, He might leave us to perish, but His covenant declares, “I will never leave you nor forsake you” (Hebrews 13:5).
iii. This balance between sovereignty and covenant gives believers assurance of God’s unwavering commitment.
Key Lessons from Revelation 4:2b-3
The Throne Is the Center of Heaven: God’s sovereignty is the foundation of all reality. Recognizing His rule is essential for understanding creation, redemption, and judgment.
God’s Glory Is Indescribable: The light and color emanating from the throne reflect His majesty, purity, and sacrificial love. These attributes should inspire worship and awe.
God’s Sovereignty Is Bound by His Covenant: The rainbow assures believers that God’s power is always exercised in faithfulness to His promises. His judgments, while just, are never arbitrary.
The Believer’s Assurance: Because of God’s sovereignty and promises, no purpose of God for the believer will ever fail. His sovereignty is on the believer’s side, guaranteeing ultimate victory.
This passage highlights the majesty, holiness, and faithfulness of God while preparing the reader for the coming judgments. It also reminds believers of their secure hope in the One who sits on the throne, ruling with both power and mercy.
3. (4) What John Saw Around the Throne: The Twenty-Four Elders
“Around the throne were twenty-four thrones, and on the thrones I saw twenty-four elders sitting, clothed in white robes; and they had crowns of gold on their heads.”
a. Around the throne were twenty-four thrones
Before noticing the elders themselves, John saw twenty-four thrones, which are arranged around God’s central throne. These lesser thrones suggest that the elders have a place of authority and honor in the heavenly realm, yet subordinate to God’s ultimate sovereignty.
The arrangement of thrones emphasizes the ordered structure of God’s heavenly court, where divine authority is distributed among His representatives.
Lesson: God’s Kingdom operates with perfect order, reflecting His sovereignty and His delegation of authority to His faithful servants.
b. On the thrones I saw twenty-four elders sitting
The identity of the twenty-four elders has been the subject of much debate. The most compelling interpretation, based on the context, is that they represent all of God’s redeemed people—both from the Old Testament and the New Testament:
Old Testament: Represented by the twelve tribes of Israel.
New Testament: Represented by the twelve apostles of the Lamb.
i. Elders as Representatives of God’s People
In biblical tradition, elders often serve as representatives:
In the Old Testament, elders represented the tribes of Israel in matters of worship, governance, and judgment.
The 24 courses of priests in 1 Chronicles 24 symbolized the entirety of the priesthood, suggesting the number 24 represents completeness in worship.
Similarly, the twenty-four elders may symbolize the entire community of the redeemed, spanning all ages and covenants.
ii. Their Song in Revelation 5:9-10
The song of the twenty-four elders in Revelation 5:9-10 explicitly identifies them with redeemed humanity:
“For You were slain, and have redeemed us to God by Your blood, out of every tribe and tongue and people and nation.”This song confirms their identity as representatives of those who have been redeemed by the blood of the Lamb.
Lesson: The twenty-four elders serve as a reminder that God’s redemptive work spans all time and includes every nation and people group.
c. Clothed in white robes; and they had crowns of gold on their heads
i. White Robes
White robes are associated with purity and righteousness, which are imputed to the redeemed through faith in Christ:
Isaiah 61:10: “He has clothed me with the garments of salvation, He has covered me with the robe of righteousness.”
Revelation 3:5: Overcomers are promised to be clothed in white garments.
Saints and martyrs are consistently described in white robes throughout Revelation (6:11, 7:9, 13-14).
While angels are also described in white garments (Mark 16:5, John 20:12), the context of the crowns and thrones makes it clear these elders are glorified humans rather than angels.
ii. Crowns of Gold
The crowns indicate that the elders are rewarded believers, not angelic beings. Crowns in Scripture are associated with:
Victory: The crown of life (1 Corinthians 9:25, James 1:12).
Righteousness: The crown of righteousness for those who long for Christ’s appearing (2 Timothy 4:8).
Faithful Service: The crown of glory for those who serve faithfully (1 Peter 5:4).
Lesson: The crowns of the elders symbolize the rewards given to believers who have faithfully served Christ. Their authority and honor are derived from their relationship with Him.
iii. Redeemed, Glorified Humanity
These elders are redeemed humans now glorified and reigning with Christ:
Romans 8:17: Believers are joint heirs with Christ.
2 Timothy 2:12: "If we endure, we shall also reign with Him."
They sit on lesser thrones, emphasizing that their authority is derived from Christ and is a reflection of His greater sovereignty.
Key Lessons from Revelation 4:4
God’s Delegation of Authority: The twenty-four thrones around God’s throne reflect His practice of sharing authority with His redeemed. Believers are called not only to worship God but also to reign with Him.
The Unity of God’s People: The number 24 suggests the completeness of God’s redemptive work, uniting Old Testament saints (represented by the tribes of Israel) and New Testament believers (represented by the apostles). This shows the unity of God’s covenant people.
The Rewards of Faithfulness: The white robes and crowns highlight the rewards awaiting believers who remain faithful. These are symbols of victory, righteousness, and eternal life.
A Foretaste of the Millennial Reign: The elders’ thrones point forward to the millennial reign of Christ, where believers will share in His rule (Revelation 20:6).
The Sovereignty of Christ: Although the elders reign with Him, their position is clearly subordinate to Christ, who occupies the central throne. Their worship in Revelation 4:10-11 emphasizes their acknowledgment of God’s ultimate authority.
The twenty-four elders provide a powerful picture of God’s redeemed people in heaven, glorified and rewarded, yet fully devoted to worshiping the One who sits on the throne. This vision encourages believers to remain faithful, knowing they will share in Christ’s victory and reign in eternity.
4. (5) Impressive and Fearful Sights at the Throne of God
“And from the throne proceeded lightnings, thunderings, and voices. Seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God.”
a. And from the throne proceeded lightnings, thunderings, and voices
The lightning, thunder, and voices vividly convey the majesty, power, and holiness of God’s throne. These phenomena are reminiscent of God’s fearful presence at Mount Sinai:
Exodus 19:16-19: At Sinai, thunder, lightning, and a trumpet sound signaled God’s descent onto the mountain to give the Law.
Exodus 20:18-19: The Israelites trembled at the sight and sound, overwhelmed by the divine display.
Theological Significance:
These sights and sounds demonstrate the awe-inspiring holiness of God, emphasizing His authority and His role as the righteous judge.
The imagery also serves as a prelude to the judgments to come in Revelation, reminding readers that these judgments flow from God’s throne.
Lesson: The throne of God is not only a place of grace but also of judgment and power. Believers should approach God with reverence and awe, recognizing both His mercy and His holiness.
b. Seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne
The seven lamps of fire represent the seven Spirits of God, a term previously mentioned in Revelation 1:4 and rooted in Isaiah 11:2, which describes the fullness of the Holy Spirit.
This does not mean there are seven individual Spirits but highlights the completeness and perfection of the Holy Spirit’s presence and work.
The Holy Spirit as Fire:
Matthew 3:16: The Spirit appears as a dove at Jesus’ baptism.
Acts 2:3: The Spirit manifests as tongues of fire at Pentecost.
Here, the Spirit is represented by seven burning lamps, emphasizing His purity, illumination, and empowering presence.
Lesson: The Holy Spirit’s role in heaven reflects His work on earth—bringing light, empowering God’s people, and manifesting God’s presence. Even in heaven, the Spirit is a vital part of the divine throne room.
5. (6a) The Sea of Glass Before the Throne
“Before the throne there was a sea of glass, like crystal.”
a. A sea of glass
Description: The sea of glass is described as being like crystal, emphasizing its clarity, brilliance, and perfection. The exact nature of this sea is debated:
Some commentators believe it is literal, while others view it as symbolic, representing the holiness and separation of God from His creation.
Whether literal or symbolic, the image conveys purity, majesty, and peace, reflecting the unchanging nature of God’s throne.
b. A sea: Connections to the Tabernacle and the Word
Tabernacle Imagery:
The sea of glass is reminiscent of the bronze laver in the Tabernacle (Exodus 30:18-21), which priests used for ceremonial washing. This laver symbolized spiritual cleansing, preparing them to serve in God’s presence.
In the heavenly context, the sea of glass may symbolize the cleansing and sanctifying power of God’s Word.
The Word as a Mirror:
The sea of glass may also represent the clarity and reflection of God’s Word, which reveals both His nature and ours:
Ephesians 5:26: “Washing of water by the word.”
James 1:23-25: The Word acts as a mirror, revealing who we are before God.
2 Corinthians 3:18: The Word allows us to behold God’s glory and be transformed into His image.
Lesson: The sea of glass serves as a reminder of God’s holiness and the need for spiritual cleansing and reflection through His Word to stand in His presence.
Key Lessons from Revelation 4:5-6a
God’s Holiness and Power: The thunder, lightning, and voices from the throne emphasize God’s majesty and the awe-inspiring nature of His presence.
The Holy Spirit’s Presence in Heaven: The seven lamps of fire highlight the Spirit’s completeness and His role in the throne room of God, pointing to His illuminating and purifying work.
The Sea of Glass and God’s Word: The crystal-clear sea represents God’s holiness, peace, and the sanctifying power of His Word, preparing believers to reflect His glory.
A Prelude to Judgment: These descriptions prepare readers for the judgments to follow, reminding us that God’s power and authority are central to the unfolding events of Revelation.
This vision of God’s throne room presents a majestic, awe-inspiring scene that reinforces the themes of God’s sovereignty, holiness, and the perfect harmony of His judgment and mercy. Believers are encouraged to approach God with reverence, allowing His Spirit and Word to transform their lives as they look forward to His ultimate reign.
6. (6b-8a) The Four Living Creatures Around the Throne
“And in the midst of the throne, and around the throne, were four living creatures full of eyes in front and in back. The first living creature was like a lion, the second living creature like a calf, the third living creature had a face like a man, and the fourth living creature was like a flying eagle. The four living creatures, each having six wings, were full of eyes around and within.”
a. Four living creatures full of eyes
These creatures are cherubim, identified by their similarities to the angelic beings described in Ezekiel 1:4-14 and Ezekiel 10:20-22, who also surround the throne of God.
The cherubim are unique and spectacular angelic beings associated with God’s presence, holiness, and judgment.
Satan himself was described as a cherub in Ezekiel 28:14, highlighting the high status of this angelic order before his fall.
Cherubim in the Tabernacle:
The design of the Most Holy Place in the Tabernacle featured cherubim, particularly on the Ark of the Covenant (Exodus 25:17-22). This connection reinforces the idea that the earthly Tabernacle reflects the heavenly throne room (Hebrews 8:5).
Full of eyes in front and in back… around and within:
The multitude of eyes symbolizes the intelligence, awareness, and insight of these creatures. They are not blind instruments of God but beings of immense understanding.
Their insight allows them to fully comprehend the majesty and holiness of God, which fuels their constant worship.
Lesson: Worship of God is rooted in understanding. These creatures remind us that the more we know of God’s glory, holiness, and character, the more fervently we will worship Him.
b. Worship and Intelligence
The intelligent worship of the cherubim contrasts with empty or thoughtless worship:
Romans 12:1: Worship must be “reasonable,” based on a conscious response to God’s mercy and truth.
Blind ritual or thoughtless tradition is not true worship.
Lesson: True worship is informed and purposeful, born out of a clear understanding of God’s nature and His works.
c. The Faces of the Four Living Creatures
i. Like a lion, like a calf, a face like a man, like a flying eagle
Each of the four cherubim displays a different face:
Lion: Represents boldness, strength, and majesty.
Calf (or Ox): Represents humility, service, and endurance.
Man: Represents intelligence, reason, and dominion over creation.
Eagle: Represents swiftness, insight, and the heavenly perspective.
Biblical Interpretations of the Four Faces:
Connection to Israel’s Encampment:
Some believe these faces correspond to the banners of the four lead tribes of Israel in the wilderness:
Judah (Lion), Ephraim (Ox), Reuben (Man), Dan (Eagle) (Numbers 2:3, 2:10, 2:18, 2:25).
This arrangement surrounded the Tabernacle, foreshadowing the cherubim’s presence around God’s throne.
Connection to the Gospels:
The cherubim’s faces are often linked to the fourfold portrayal of Jesus in the Gospels:
Lion (Matthew): Jesus as the Messiah, the Lion of the Tribe of Judah.
Ox (Mark): Jesus as the humble servant.
Man (Luke): Jesus as the Son of Man, the perfect human.
Eagle (John): Jesus as the Son of God, soaring above earthly concerns with heavenly insight.
Representation of Creation:
The four faces may symbolize the highest of all creation:
Lion: The mightiest wild animal.
Ox: The strongest domesticated animal.
Man: The pinnacle of God’s creation.
Eagle: The king of birds.
These beings collectively represent all creation worshiping God, acknowledging His sovereignty over every realm.
The Variety of God’s Ministers:
Some suggest the faces illustrate the diversity of gifts and personalities among God’s servants:
Lion: Bold and courageous.
Ox: Humble and enduring.
Man: Wise and discerning.
Eagle: Visionary and heavenly-minded.
ii. The Faces and the Nature of Worship
The cherubim’s faces show that worship involves every aspect of creation and reflects God’s glory:
Power (Lion), service (Ox), reason (Man), and heavenly perspective (Eagle) are all essential in the worship of God.
Lesson: Worship is multifaceted, involving strength, humility, intellect, and a spiritual focus. God is worthy of worship from all aspects of creation and human existence.
d. Each having six wings
The six wings connect these creatures to the seraphim described in Isaiah 6:1-3, where the wings are used for reverence and readiness:
Two wings cover their faces in humility.
Two wings cover their feet in submission.
Two wings are used to fly, representing action and service.
Lesson: True worship involves humility, reverence, and active service. The cherubim model complete devotion to God’s holiness and will.
e. Singular Beings with Multiple Faces
The cherubim’s ability to have multiple faces simultaneously reminds us of the complexity of God’s creation and the mystery of beings that surpass human understanding.
Connection to the Trinity:
Some see a parallel to the triune nature of God—one being with distinct persons (Father, Son, and Spirit).
The cherubim’s faces reflect the richness and diversity of God’s glory, just as the Trinity reflects His relational and multifaceted nature.
Key Lessons from Revelation 4:6b-8a
God’s Majesty and Worship: The cherubim remind us that worship is the ultimate response to seeing and understanding God’s glory.
The Role of Creation: The faces of the cherubim demonstrate that all creation exists to glorify God, each part bringing its unique strengths to worship.
Diversity in Service: The variety of faces reflects the diverse gifts, perspectives, and roles among God’s people and His servants.
Holiness in Worship: The cherubim’s eyes, wings, and reverence emphasize the need for purity, humility, and intentionality in approaching God.
Eternal Perspective: Like the eagle, worship should lift our eyes to the heavenly realm, focusing on God’s eternal purposes rather than earthly concerns.
The four living creatures showcase the grandeur of God’s throne room, the diversity of His creation, and the centrality of worship in the heavenly realm. They point us to a God who is worthy of worship from every aspect of creation, inspiring us to offer our strength, humility, intellect, and spiritual devotion to Him.
D. John Describes What Happens at the Throne of God
1. (8b) The Living Creatures Constantly Worship God
“And they do not rest day or night, saying: ‘Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty, Who was and is and is to come!’”
a. They do not rest day or night, saying, ‘Holy, holy, holy’
The unending worship of the cherubim reveals their complete devotion to God. Their tireless praise demonstrates both the eternal worthiness of God and the joy of worship that knows no fatigue.
Holy, holy, holy:
The repetition of “holy” three times emphasizes the infinite holiness of God, a concept rooted in Hebrew language and thought.
Threefold repetition:
In Hebrew, repetition underscores importance. A twofold repetition adds emphasis, but a threefold repetition marks the superlative—the ultimate level of greatness or perfection.
This aligns with Isaiah 6:3, where the seraphim also proclaim, “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts.”
Lesson: God’s holiness is the defining attribute of His nature. It is infinite, unmatched, and utterly set apart from creation.
i. The Nature of Their Worship
They do not rest:
While the cherubim worship continuously, this does not imply weariness or compulsion. Instead, their worship is a source of joy and fulfillment.
As Trapp notes, “They have no rest, and yet they have no unrest neither.” Their worship flows naturally from their understanding of God’s glory.
Lesson: True worship is not burdensome but an act of delight. When believers focus on God’s majesty, worship becomes a natural and joyful response.
b. Lord God Almighty
Pantokrator:
The Greek word used here, pantokrator, means “the One who has His hand on everything.” It portrays God as the all-powerful ruler who sovereignly controls all creation.
This title emphasizes God’s omnipotence and His ability to fulfill His purposes in history and eternity.
Lesson: God’s omnipotence assures believers that nothing escapes His control. He is sovereign over creation, history, and the events unfolding in Revelation.
c. Who was and is and is to come
This title, also found in Revelation 1:8, refers to God’s eternal nature. It reflects His timeless existence and His role as the Creator, Sustainer, and consummator of all things.
Connection to Yahweh: The phrase captures the meaning of the divine name “Yahweh” (Exodus 3:14), which conveys God’s self-existence and eternal presence.
The structure highlights God’s supremacy over time:
Who was: God’s sovereignty and faithfulness in the past.
Who is: God’s current reign and active involvement in creation.
Who is to come: God’s ultimate return and fulfillment of His redemptive plan.
Lesson: God’s eternal nature gives believers confidence in His unchanging character. He is the same yesterday, today, and forever (Hebrews 13:8), providing assurance of His faithfulness and the certainty of His promises.
Key Lessons from Revelation 4:8b
God’s Holiness Is Supreme: The threefold declaration of “holy” emphasizes the infinite, unmatched holiness of God. Worship should focus on His character and perfection.
Worship Is Joyful and Eternal: The cherubim’s unceasing worship reflects the joy of being in God’s presence. Believers are invited to join in this eternal song of praise.
God’s Sovereignty Is Absolute: The title “Lord God Almighty” assures us that God’s power and authority extend over all creation and history.
God’s Eternal Nature: The declaration of “Who was and is and is to come” reminds us that God transcends time and remains faithful to His promises, past, present, and future.
The Pattern for Worship: The cherubim demonstrate that worship involves recognizing God’s holiness, acknowledging His sovereignty, and trusting in His eternal purposes.
This verse reveals the unchanging and awe-inspiring nature of God’s throne room, where His holiness, power, and eternity are ceaselessly celebrated by His most exalted creatures. Believers are invited to reflect this worship in their own lives, both now and for eternity.
2. (9-11) The Twenty-Four Elders Worship the Enthroned God
“Whenever the living creatures give glory and honor and thanks to Him who sits on the throne, who lives forever and ever, the twenty-four elders fall down before Him who sits on the throne and worship Him who lives forever and ever, and cast their crowns before the throne, saying:
‘You are worthy, O Lord,
To receive glory and honor and power;
For You created all things,
And by Your will they exist and were created.’”
a. The Worship of the Elders is Prompted by the Living Creatures
The living creatures (cherubim) give glory, honor, and thanks to God continually. Their worship becomes the cue for the twenty-four elders to fall down before God in reverence.
Lesson: The worship of heaven is unified, constant, and contagious. The elders follow the example of the cherubim, just as believers on earth are inspired by angelic worship to offer their own praise.
i. Worship Inspired by the Angels
Spurgeon’s Challenge: Spurgeon encourages believers to emulate the worship of angels. While angels have not experienced redemption through Christ’s blood, they worship God perfectly. How much more should redeemed humanity, saved by grace, worship with passion and devotion?
“Do we sing as much as the birds do? Yet what have birds to sing about, compared with us? Do we sing as much as the angels do? Yet they were never redeemed by the blood of Christ.” (Spurgeon)
Lesson: The worship of heaven inspires us to greater devotion. Our praise should reflect gratitude for redemption, surpassing even the praise of angels.
b. Casting Crowns Before the Throne
The elders fall down in an act of deep reverence and humility, acknowledging the infinite worth of the One who sits on the throne.
They cast their crowns—symbols of their achievements and rewards—before God, signifying that all honor and glory belong to Him alone.
i. Symbolism of the Crowns
The crowns (stephanos) are crowns of victory, not royalty. They are the rewards given to believers for faithfulness and service:
1 Corinthians 9:25: “An imperishable crown” for disciplined living.
2 Timothy 4:8: “The crown of righteousness” for those who long for Christ’s appearing.
1 Peter 5:4: “The crown of glory” for faithful shepherds.
The act of casting crowns demonstrates:
Humility: The elders acknowledge that their victories are possible only through God’s power.
Surrender: They recognize that their crowns ultimately belong to God, as the source of all they have accomplished.
Allusion to Roman Practice:
In the Roman Empire, lesser kings would cast their crowns before the Emperor in homage, acknowledging his supreme authority. The Emperor would then return the crowns, symbolizing that their rule depended on his favor.
Similarly, the elders’ act signifies that all authority and honor belong to God.
Lesson: Worship involves surrendering all we have and are to God. Our achievements and rewards are ultimately for His glory.
ii. The Unanimity of Worship
Spurgeon notes the unity in worship:
The elders are not divided by envy or comparison. Each elder willingly casts their crown, reflecting perfect harmony in glorifying God.
“They were all unanimous in casting their crowns at Jesus’ feet. They were all unanimous in glorifying God.”
Lesson: Worship unites believers, removing divisions and focusing all attention on the worthiness of God.
c. The Content of the Worship: God’s Worthiness
The elders declare, “You are worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honor and power.”
Their worship centers on God’s inherent worthiness. He is deserving of all praise, not only because of His position as Creator but also because of His nature and character.
i. Worship of God as Creator
“For You created all things, and by Your will they exist and were created.”
This statement emphasizes God’s role as Creator, Sustainer, and Sovereign over all creation.
Genesis 1:1: God created all things.
Colossians 1:16-17: All things were created through Christ and for Christ.
Lesson: Worship begins with acknowledging God’s creative authority. Recognizing Him as Creator establishes our dependence on Him and our purpose to glorify Him.
ii. The Sovereign Will of God
“By Your will they exist and were created.”
Creation exists not by chance but by the intentional will of God. He sustains all things and directs history according to His purposes.
Romans 9:21: As the potter has authority over the clay, so God has rightful authority over His creation.
This is echoed beautifully in the King James Version:
“For thy pleasure they are and were created.” This reminds us that our ultimate purpose is to bring glory and pleasure to God.
Lesson: Life’s highest purpose is to glorify God. Until we embrace this, we cannot fulfill the reason for our existence.
d. The Personal Connection of Worship
Spurgeon’s Reflection:
Each believer has a unique place and purpose in the heavenly choir. The throne, crown, and song assigned to you are specifically yours.
“There is a part in the eternal song that no voice can ever compass but yours.”
Preparing for Worship in Heaven
Spurgeon likens heaven’s worship to a choir:
Just as earthly choirs require preparation, believers should prepare their hearts now to join the heavenly song.
“Have you learnt to cast your crowns at the Savior’s feet already?”
Lesson: Worship is both a present practice and preparation for eternity. As we worship now, we ready ourselves for the eternal praise of heaven.
Key Lessons from Revelation 4:9-11
Worship is Inspired and Contagious: The elders follow the example of the living creatures, showing that worship prompts more worship.
True Worship Involves Humility: Casting crowns demonstrates that all honor belongs to God, not to ourselves.
God’s Role as Creator is Central: Recognizing God as Creator and Sustainer is foundational to worship.
Unity in Worship: Worship removes divisions, uniting believers in glorifying God.
Prepare Now for Eternal Worship: Earthly worship is a rehearsal for the unending worship of heaven.
This scene highlights the majesty of God and the joy of worship in heaven. It calls believers to live lives of worship now, anticipating the day when they will join the elders in casting their crowns before the throne.
1. The Transition from the Earthly to the Heavenly
Perspective Change: Revelation 4 marks a significant shift in focus from the earthly to the heavenly realm. This transition reflects not just a change in location but also a theological emphasis: God's sovereign plan for history is governed from His heavenly throne.
Application: This transition reminds believers that no matter how chaotic or unjust the world may appear, heaven remains the center of control and authority.
2. The Throne as a Symbol of Sovereignty
Centrality of the Throne: While the throne is described explicitly in the text, you could expand on its symbolism as the ultimate seat of authority in the universe. In biblical imagery, thrones often represent judgment, rule, and divine kingship.
Psalm 47:8: “God reigns over the nations; God sits on His holy throne.”
Hebrews 4:16: The throne of God is not just one of sovereignty but also of grace, where believers can find help in times of need.
Implication for Believers: The throne emphasizes that history is not random but under God’s sovereign control. This provides assurance and hope, especially in light of the coming judgments.
3. The Role of the Holy Spirit in Heaven
While the Holy Spirit is mentioned as the seven lamps of fire in Revelation 4:5, you could explore more about His role in heaven:
Empowering Worship: The Spirit empowers not only earthly worship but also the heavenly worship of the living creatures and elders.
God’s Omnipresence: The Spirit’s presence as fire demonstrates that God is fully present and active, even in the heavenly court.
Parallel with Pentecost: Just as fire symbolized the Spirit’s empowerment of the church in Acts 2, His presence in heaven emphasizes continuity between God’s work on earth and in heaven.
4. The Sea of Glass as a Symbol of Peace
Stillness and Peace: The sea of glass, like crystal, may symbolize the calmness and order of heaven, in contrast to the tumultuous seas often representing chaos in Scripture (e.g., Daniel 7:2; Revelation 13:1).
In heaven, the "sea" is perfectly still, reflecting God’s sovereignty and the absence of turmoil.
Heavenly Perspective: For believers, the sea of glass can symbolize the peace that comes from trusting in God’s sovereign rule.
5. Worship in Heaven as a Model for Earthly Worship
You’ve covered the living creatures’ and elders’ worship well, but there’s room to highlight heavenly worship as a model for the church:
God-Centered: Worship in heaven is entirely focused on God’s attributes—His holiness, worthiness, power, and creative authority.
Unified: The seamless unity in worship among the cherubim and elders is a call for the church to worship without divisions.
Continuous: The unending worship in heaven reminds believers that worship is not confined to a Sunday service but should be a continuous offering of praise in daily life (Romans 12:1).
6. The Holiness of God as a Central Theme
While holiness is addressed in the triple repetition of "Holy, holy, holy," it could be expanded as the defining characteristic of God in this chapter:
Separation from Creation: God’s holiness sets Him apart as completely distinct from His creation.
Call to Holiness: Believers are called to reflect this holiness (1 Peter 1:15-16). Worship should lead to transformation into the image of Christ.
7. The Role of Creation in Worship
The elders’ declaration “For You created all things” emphasizes creation’s purpose to glorify God.
Psalm 19:1: “The heavens declare the glory of God.”
Romans 1:20: Creation reveals God’s invisible attributes, leaving humanity without excuse.
Application: This statement challenges modern worldviews, such as atheistic evolution, by affirming God as the intentional Creator. It also reminds believers that their purpose is to glorify Him.
8. The Significance of the Living Creatures
Guardians of God’s Holiness: The living creatures (cherubim) represent guardians of God’s glory and holiness, as seen in Genesis 3:24, where cherubim guard the entrance to Eden.
Participation in Judgment: Later in Revelation, the living creatures are actively involved in announcing judgments (e.g., Revelation 6:1-8). This connects their worship to their role as executors of God’s will.
Lesson: Worship and service are inseparable. True worship leads to active participation in God’s plans.
9. The Chronological Implications
After These Things (Revelation 4:1): The phrase marks the beginning of a new era in the premillennial, pretribulational timeline:
Chapters 2–3: The church age.
Chapter 4: The heavenly scene after the rapture, prior to the tribulation.
Absence of the Church: The church is not mentioned in Revelation 4–19, further supporting the pretribulational rapture view. The worship of the twenty-four elders reflects the redeemed church safely in heaven.
10. God’s Worthiness as the Foundation of Worship
“You are worthy, O Lord” emphasizes that God’s worthiness is the basis for all worship:
Worthiness is rooted in God’s nature, His creative power, and His sovereign will.
Worship is not about what God has done for us but about who He is.
Application: This shifts worship from being self-centered (focused on what we feel or receive) to being God-centered.
The Significance of the Heavenly Perspective
Why the Heavenly View Matters:
Revelation 4 begins with a call for John to ascend and view things from a heavenly perspective. This sets the tone for the rest of Revelation, where the judgments, events, and ultimate victory are seen through the lens of God’s sovereignty.Colossians 3:1-2: Believers are reminded to "set your mind on things above," viewing earthly events through the reality of God's heavenly rule.
Application: The heavenly perspective gives hope in times of earthly turmoil. It reminds believers that history unfolds under God's control, and His plans are perfect.
A Contrast with Earthly Thrones
Heavenly Throne vs. Earthly Thrones:
Earthly kings and rulers often exercise power corruptly or for selfish gain, but the throne in heaven represents perfect justice and righteousness (Psalm 97:2).
The worship surrounding the throne highlights God’s worthiness, in contrast to earthly rulers who often demand unearned honor.
Application: This contrast invites believers to place their ultimate trust in God's eternal throne rather than in earthly institutions or leaders.
Theological Implications of the Throne Room Vision
Trinitarian Presence:
While the chapter does not explicitly name the Trinity, it strongly implies the presence of the Father (on the throne), the Spirit (seven lamps), and the Son (referenced in Revelation 5 as the Lamb). This throne room scene anticipates the Lamb's role in the unfolding events of redemptive history.Lesson: God’s triune nature underscores the completeness of His work in creation, redemption, and judgment.
God’s Right to Judge:
The vision of the throne establishes the authority and holiness of the one who will judge the earth in the coming chapters. This reinforces the idea that all judgments are righteous and just (Revelation 15:3-4).
Worship and the Glory of God
Glory as the Central Theme:
The words glory, honor, and thanks in verse 9 and glory, honor, and power in verse 11 emphasize that worship in heaven revolves entirely around God’s glory.Glory (doxa) refers to the radiant magnificence and weight of God's presence.
Worship focuses on who God is (His nature) and what He has done (His creative and sustaining work).
Application: Worship is not about personal preferences or feelings but about magnifying God’s glory. Earthly worship should model this heavenly pattern.
The Relevance of the Rainbow
Additional Symbolism of the Rainbow:
The rainbow surrounding the throne not only reflects God’s covenant with Noah (Genesis 9) but also serves as a symbol of grace within judgment:While the throne represents God’s authority to judge, the rainbow reminds us that His judgments are never divorced from His mercy.
This balance between justice and grace is central to God’s character, as seen throughout Scripture.
Lesson: Even as Revelation unfolds with scenes of judgment, the rainbow reminds believers of God’s faithfulness to His promises and His ultimate redemptive purposes.
The Unity of Worship and Purpose
Unbroken Harmony in Heaven:
The living creatures and elders worship together in perfect unity, reflecting the harmony of heaven. This unity contrasts sharply with the division and discord often seen on earth.Ephesians 4:3-6: Believers are called to reflect this unity by being "one body and one Spirit" in worship and purpose.
Application: The church on earth should strive to reflect the unity of worship seen in heaven, setting aside divisions and focusing on glorifying God.
Anticipation of the Lamb
While Revelation 4 focuses on God the Father and His throne, it sets the stage for Revelation 5, where the Lamb takes the scroll. The worship of the Lamb is a natural extension of the worship of the One on the throne.
Lesson: The throne room vision in Revelation 4 reminds us that God’s sovereignty is not distant or abstract but will be fully realized in the person and work of Jesus Christ.
Encouragement for the Persecuted Church
Historical Context:
Revelation was written during a time of severe persecution for the early church. This vision of the heavenly throne room would have provided immense encouragement, reminding believers that:God is in control, even when earthly circumstances seem dire.
Their faithfulness will be rewarded with eternal life and the privilege of reigning with Christ (symbolized by the elders’ thrones and crowns).
Application: For believers facing trials today, this chapter offers the assurance that God’s purposes will prevail, and His justice will ultimately be done.
Symbolism of the Living Creatures’ Eyes
The multitude of eyes symbolizes their all-seeing nature, enabling them to fully perceive the glory of God and respond in worship.
Application: This reminds believers that worship is rooted in spiritual sight. The more clearly we see and understand God, the more fervently we will worship Him.
A Call to Reflect God’s Holiness
The cherubim’s constant cry of “Holy, holy, holy” invites believers to consider their own response to God’s holiness:
Isaiah 6:5: Isaiah’s encounter with God’s holiness led him to recognize his own sinfulness and need for cleansing.
1 Peter 1:15-16: Believers are called to be holy as God is holy.
Application: Encountering God’s holiness should lead to personal transformation, shaping our character and conduct.
