Proverbs Chapter 14
The Contrast Between Wisdom and Folly
Proverbs 14:1–3
Proverbs 14:1
“The wise woman buildeth her house, but the foolish plucketh it down with her hands.”
The contrast here is striking. Wisdom builds, folly destroys. The wise woman is one who takes her God-given role seriously and works diligently to strengthen and establish her home. Her wisdom is expressed not merely in words but in actions. She is prudent, industrious, and attentive to her responsibilities. By her careful management she brings stability, prosperity, and harmony to her household. As Matthew Henry observed, a wise woman builds her house by maintaining godliness, love, and order, setting a pattern that blesses her family for generations.
Clarke noted, “By her prudent and industrious management she increases property in the family, furniture in the house, and food and raiment for her household. This is the true building of a house. The thriftless wife acts differently, and the opposite is the result.” The wise woman recognizes that her home is a sacred stewardship from God. She builds through faith, prayer, diligence, and example.
In contrast, “the foolish plucketh it down with her hands.” Folly is destructive by nature. The foolish woman undermines the very structure she should uphold. Her idleness, waste, selfishness, and lack of discretion tear down her house from within. Trapp observed, “As the husband is as the head from whom all the sinews do flow, so she is as the hands into which they flow, and enable them to do their office.” The imagery emphasizes that while the husband may direct, the wife often executes the labor that holds the household together. When her hands are idle or misused, the foundation collapses. Bridges adds, “Note the foolish woman — her idleness, waste, love of pleasure, lack of all forethought and care…. We see her house torn down in confusion. It would have been a sad result if this had been done by an enemy. But it is the doing, or rather undoing, of her own hands.”
In the modern context, this principle applies beyond gender roles. Whether in a family, church, or business, wisdom builds while foolishness tears down. Wise leadership nurtures growth and peace; folly breeds confusion and collapse.
Proverbs 14:2
“He that walketh in his uprightness feareth the Lord, but he that is perverse in his ways despiseth Him.”
The mark of genuine fear of the Lord is upright living. To “walk in uprightness” means to conduct one’s life in moral integrity and obedience to God’s Word. Uprightness is not merely a possession; it must be lived out. The upright man or woman not only believes what is right but does what is right. As the text says, “He that walketh in his uprightness feareth the Lord.” This walking is continual and deliberate, reflecting a heart that honors God above all else.
This principle finds its fulfillment in the New Testament call to live according to our new nature in Christ. Believers are called to “walk worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called” (Ephesians 4:1). Jesus Christ has made us righteous through His blood, and therefore we must walk in that righteousness. The one who walks uprightly proves his reverence for the Lord by his obedience.
Conversely, “he that is perverse in his ways despiseth Him.” Perversity reflects rebellion against God. It is not mere moral failure but contempt for divine authority. The perverse person refuses to acknowledge God’s rule and seeks his own path. This is precisely what was expressed in the parable where the citizens declared, “We will not have this man to reign over us” (Luke 19:14). Such a heart attitude reveals that sin is not only a matter of weakness but also of willful defiance. The perverseness of man is an expression of his hatred for restraint and of his love for self-rule.
Thus, this proverb exposes the fundamental difference between those who fear God and those who despise Him. The former demonstrate faith through upright conduct; the latter prove rebellion through crooked ways.
Proverbs 14:3
“In the mouth of the foolish is a rod of pride, but the lips of the wise shall preserve them.”
The speech of a fool is his downfall. His proud words become a rod that strikes himself. The fool’s arrogance provokes strife, invites correction, and often brings ruin upon his own head. “The fool’s pride finds a rod in his mouth that lashes himself — he is his own worst enemy — and others,” notes Waltke. Pride blinds him to his own ignorance and causes him to speak in ways that bring shame and destruction.
Bridges expands the thought: “Here it is a rod of pride. Sometimes it strikes against God and sometimes against men…. Were this iron rod to rule the earth, who could tolerate it?” Prideful speech not only offends others but also opposes God Himself. “Every one that is proud in heart is an abomination to the Lord” (Proverbs 16:5). Therefore, the fool’s tongue becomes an instrument of his own judgment.
In contrast, “the lips of the wise shall preserve them.” The wise man knows the value of restraint, humility, and truth. His words are measured, gracious, and edifying. He guards his tongue and thus guards his life. His speech builds peace and protects him from many troubles. The wise person’s words are guided by the fear of the Lord and the desire to honor Him.
The lesson is clear: our words reveal our character. A proud mouth brings destruction, while a disciplined tongue brings preservation. “He that keepeth his mouth keepeth his life: but he that openeth wide his lips shall have destruction” (Proverbs 13:3).
The Contrast Between Fruitful Work and Futile Cleanliness
Proverbs 14:4–7
Proverbs 14:4
“Where no oxen are, the crib is clean: but much increase is by the strength of the ox.”
This proverb uses a simple agricultural truth to teach a profound spiritual and practical principle. A farmer who owns no oxen will certainly have a clean and tidy stall. There will be no manure, no feeding trough to scrub, no smell, and no daily mess. Yet his fields will also be empty, for without the ox there is no plowing, and without plowing there is no harvest. Where there is no work being done, there will be no disorder to manage, but neither will there be growth or increase.
The presence of oxen means work, mess, and inconvenience, but it also means productivity, provision, and abundance. “Much increase is by the strength of the ox.” The laboring animal represents power, diligence, and fruitfulness. The proverb therefore reminds us that meaningful results often require tolerating discomfort, difficulty, or disorder. Those who insist that everything remain spotless and undisturbed will never experience true increase.
This truth applies not only to the farm but to all of life. In ministry, business, and family, those who avoid the “mess” of hard work or human involvement will have an appearance of order but no fruit. As one scholar put it, “Orderliness can reach the point of sterility.” God’s work often involves the grit and imperfection of human effort, but in that labor comes His blessing. Kidner noted, “This proverb is not a plea for slovenliness, physical or moral, but for the readiness to accept upheaval and a mess to clear up, as the price of growth. It has many applications to personal, institutional and spiritual life, and could well be inscribed in the minute-books of religious bodies, to foster a farmer’s outlook rather than a curator’s.”
In the church, this principle is particularly vital. Many congregations stifle spiritual vitality in the name of keeping everything orderly. Some leaders are so afraid of problems, correction, or confrontation that they suppress any sign of spiritual movement. But life and growth always bring messes to manage. New believers need guidance, ministries need structure, and revival can challenge comfort zones. To demand a spotless stall is to reject the increase God desires to bring through the strength of His laborers.
Adam Clarke even used this proverb to commend oxen over horses for farm work, writing, “In all large farms oxen are greatly to be preferred to horses. Have but patience with this most patient animal, and you will soon find that there is much increase by the strength and labour of the ox.” The lesson is plain: growth requires patience and perseverance, not the avoidance of labor or inconvenience.
Proverbs 14:5
“A faithful witness will not lie: but a false witness will utter lies.”
Truthfulness is a divine requirement and a reflection of God’s own character. A faithful witness tells the truth because he fears God more than man. Lying corrupts justice and destroys credibility, while honesty establishes trust and righteousness. In the ancient courts of Israel, the testimony of witnesses determined life or death, making integrity sacred.
Spiritually, every believer is called to be a witness of Jesus Christ. The Lord said, “Ye shall be witnesses unto Me” (Acts 1:8). A true witness of Christ must therefore be faithful in word and deed, declaring the truth about who He is and what He has done. The gospel must not be distorted by false claims, hypocrisy, or deceit.
The contrast is clear: “A false witness will utter lies.” The fool, having corrupted his conscience by habitual lying, will naturally speak falsehood when it suits him. As Poole wrote, “Is or will be a false witness, when occasion requires it. Having debauched his conscience by daily lying, he is thereby prepared and disposed to false witness-bearing.” Deception becomes second nature to him, and in so doing, he mirrors the nature of Satan, “a liar, and the father of it” (John 8:44). The believer, therefore, must guard his speech, for truth and falsehood cannot coexist in the mouth of one who professes to serve the God of truth.
Proverbs 14:6
“A scorner seeketh wisdom, and findeth it not: but knowledge is easy unto him that understandeth.”
The scoffer, or mocker, is one who approaches wisdom with arrogance and disbelief. He may appear to be seeking wisdom, but his heart is proud and closed. Because he does not seek it in humility or in the fear of the Lord, he cannot find it. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 9:10); without that foundation, all intellectual pursuit is vanity. Clarke observed, “Such may seek wisdom; but he never can find it, because he does not seek it where it is to be found; neither in the teaching of God's Spirit, nor in the revelation of his will.”
In contrast, “knowledge is easy unto him that understandeth.” To the humble and teachable, truth opens readily. The one who already possesses understanding — meaning reverence for God and submission to His Word — will find wisdom accessible and delightful. As Jesus said, “Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you” (Matthew 7:7). The path of wisdom is closed only to the proud but open to those who approach in humility.
Proverbs 14:7
“Go from the presence of a foolish man, when thou perceivest not in him the lips of knowledge.”
The counsel here is simple but critical: do not remain in the company of fools. Fellowship with the foolish corrupts wisdom, dulls discernment, and leads to ruin. Proverbs 13:20 declares, “He that walketh with wise men shall be wise: but a companion of fools shall be destroyed.” To walk with the foolish is to share their fate.
The mark of a fool is easily discerned — “when thou perceivest not in him the lips of knowledge.” His speech reveals his heart. Words devoid of reverence for God, void of truth, and filled with vanity are the clear evidence of folly. The wise man will recognize this and quietly withdraw, guarding both his time and his spirit. As Ross commented, “One cannot increase in knowledge by associating with a fool — nothing comes from nothing, as many can affirm.”
In every generation, this counsel remains necessary. Many waste precious years entangled with those who mock righteousness or trivialize divine truth. The believer must discern when to depart from such company. The absence of godly wisdom in another’s speech is a warning sign: leave before their folly becomes your snare.
Understanding One’s Way Versus Deceitful Folly
Proverbs 14:8–10
Proverbs 14:8
“The wisdom of the prudent is to understand his way: but the folly of fools is deceit.”
Wisdom produces self-awareness, discipline, and thoughtful direction. The prudent man does not drift aimlessly through life; he studies his way with care. He examines his choices, motives, and destination in light of God’s Word. His wisdom is revealed not in speculation or curiosity about others, but in the sober discernment of his own path. Poole observed, “It consists not in vain speculations, nor in a curious prying into other men’s matters, nor in cunning arts of deceiving others; but in a diligent study of his own duty, and of the way to true and eternal happiness.”
To “understand his way” means to live with intentionality and reflection, knowing the direction one’s life is taking before God. This involves recognizing the moral consequences of one’s actions and aligning one’s path with righteousness. The prudent man evaluates whether his steps are leading toward godliness or destruction, measuring his life by Scripture and conscience.
In contrast, “the folly of fools is deceit.” Fools deceive themselves and others, refusing to face the truth about their path. They rely on appearance rather than substance and prefer delusion to repentance. Their entire manner of life is built upon deceit, just as bait deceives the fish into ignoring the hook. Fools are attracted to the pleasant illusion rather than the enduring truth. Thus, folly thrives because it promises ease and pleasure while concealing danger and ruin.
Proverbs 14:9
“Fools make a mock at sin: but among the righteous there is favour.”
Foolish men treat sin as a trivial matter, worthy of laughter or entertainment. They scoff at moral restraint, mock the idea of judgment, and consider guilt a myth. Their lack of fear toward God blinds them to the seriousness of sin and its consequences. Proverbs 1:29 declares, “For that they hated knowledge, and did not choose the fear of the Lord.” The fool’s mockery of sin flows directly from this rejection of divine authority.
Clarke rightly warns, “He that makes a sport of sinning will find it no sport to suffer the vengeance of an eternal fire.” To make light of sin is to invite destruction. It reveals a hardened heart and an absence of repentance. Mocking sin today—whether through humor, rebellion, or apathy—proves that the fool does not comprehend the holiness of God nor the reality of His justice.
In contrast, “among the righteous there is favour.” Those who are upright before God and man find divine approval and mutual favor with others. The righteous do not mock sin but mourn it. They seek reconciliation, restoration, and righteousness. Waltke notes, “Fools do wrong and scoff at making reparations, but they find no divine or mutual favor and acceptance.” True wisdom humbles itself before God, seeking mercy rather than mocking His law. The upright receive grace and favor, for “God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble” (James 4:6).
Proverbs 14:10
“The heart knoweth his own bitterness; and a stranger doth not intermeddle with his joy.”
This proverb reveals the deeply personal nature of human experience. “The heart knoweth his own bitterness” means that each soul bears a unique burden that others cannot fully perceive. Though sympathy and compassion are valuable, only the individual truly feels the depth of his sorrow. Even the closest friend cannot entirely share the inward grief known only to the sufferer and to God. Spurgeon warned, “We may not judge our brethren as though we understood them, and were competent to give a verdict upon them. Do not sit down, like Job’s friends, and condemn the innocent.”
In times of suffering, we must remember that no human observer can fully measure another’s pain. The Lord alone searches the heart and understands its secret wounds. This verse also reminds believers to be cautious in judgment, knowing that hidden sorrows may lie behind the outward appearance of calm or strength.
Likewise, “a stranger doth not intermeddle with his joy.” Just as no one can fully share another’s sorrow, neither can anyone completely enter into another’s joy. There are spiritual joys that are personal, sacred, and incommunicable. Bridges observed, “No less personal is the heart’s joy. It lies deep within. Michal could understand David’s bravery, but not his joy. She knew him as a man of war, not as a man of God.”
Spurgeon described these private joys as blessings known only between the believer and his Lord:
The joy of sin forgiven.
The joy of sin conquered.
The joy of restored fellowship with God.
The joy of accepted service.
The joy of answered prayer.
The joy of usefulness for God.
The joy of peace in time of trouble.
The supreme joy of communion with God Himself.
These joys are spiritual treasures hidden in the heart, unseen and often incomprehensible to those who do not share the same faith. The believer’s bitterness and joy alike are known intimately by God, who alone fully understands the depths of the human heart (Psalm 139:1–4).
The Destiny of the Wicked and the Upright
Proverbs 14:11–14
Proverbs 14:11
“The house of the wicked shall be overthrown: but the tabernacle of the upright shall flourish.”
The contrast between the wicked and the upright continues with vivid imagery of two dwellings. The “house of the wicked” speaks of permanence, strength, and wealth, yet it will not stand. Though outwardly secure, it is built on a corrupt foundation and cannot withstand the judgment of God. When divine justice comes, the structure collapses, exposing its weakness. This recalls the words of Jesus Christ, who said, “And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand: And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and great was the fall of it” (Matthew 7:26–27).
In contrast, “the tabernacle of the upright shall flourish.” The term tabernacle (or tent) suggests something temporary, frail, and humble — a nomadic shelter, made of goat’s hair curtains and fastened by cords and pegs. Yet it is this simple dwelling that flourishes, because it is established upon righteousness and the favor of God. Waltke notes, “The tent is by no means used for any kind of dwelling but refers to a nomadic tent. It is a bell tent, supported in the middle by a wooden pole and composed of several dark, goatskin curtains. It was fastened down to pegs with cords.”
The spiritual principle is clear: the permanence of a dwelling is not measured by its material strength, but by the moral and spiritual character of those who live within. The wicked man’s house may seem magnificent, but it will be overthrown by divine justice. The upright man’s tent may appear fragile, yet it endures and prospers under God’s blessing.
Proverbs 14:12
“There is a way which seemeth right unto a man, but the end thereof are the ways of death.”
This is one of the most sobering and oft-repeated proverbs in Scripture (repeated again in Proverbs 16:25). It warns of the deceitfulness of human reasoning apart from divine revelation. “There is a way which seemeth right unto a man.” Human judgment, unaided by the fear of the Lord, is fallible and easily deceived. The sinner may convince himself that his course is righteous, fair, and harmless, but God sees its end — and its end is death.
Ross notes, “The issue then is how deceptive evil is. It might promise and deliver happiness, power, and the good life, but it cannot sustain what it gives.” The pleasures of sin deceive the heart, presenting a false path of fulfillment that ultimately leads to destruction. Jesus Christ echoed this truth when He warned, “Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat: Because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it” (Matthew 7:13–14).
The deceptive way of death often looks harmless — even moral. It may be cloaked in religion, tradition, or self-righteousness. Yet apart from the truth of God’s Word, man’s moral compass is fatally flawed. Waltke explains, “The safety and destiny of a road are not always as they appear. The deceptive road leads as certainly to death as the plainly marked one.”
This proverb underscores the necessity of divine revelation and the fear of the Lord. Human wisdom, feelings, and conscience can all be corrupted by sin. Only through Scripture and the guidance of the Holy Spirit can a man know the true way of life. “Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path” (Psalm 119:105).
Proverbs 14:13
“Even in laughter the heart is sorrowful; and the end of that mirth is heaviness.”
This proverb reveals the emptiness of worldly joy. Outward laughter may conceal inward pain. Many who appear happy are in truth grieving within. Human mirth, when separated from God, is superficial and fleeting. As Poole comments, “The design of the proverb is to declare the vanity of all worldly joys and comforts, and to teach men moderation in them, and to persuade us to seek for more solid and durable joys.”
The laughter of the fool is a hollow sound — an attempt to drown the cry of the conscience. It is joy without substance, soon giving way to grief. Ecclesiastes 7:6 declares, “For as the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of the fool: this also is vanity.” Genuine joy must spring from righteousness and fellowship with God, not from passing pleasures.
“The end of that mirth is heaviness.” When the music stops and the noise fades, the emptiness remains. Those who live for pleasure find that their joy dies with the pleasure itself. The only lasting joy is that which comes from knowing the Lord. As Jesus said, “Your heart shall rejoice, and your joy no man taketh from you” (John 16:22).
Proverbs 14:14
“The backslider in heart shall be filled with his own ways: and a good man shall be satisfied from himself.”
Here Solomon distinguishes between two hearts: the backslider and the faithful. “The backslider in heart” is one who secretly declines from devotion to God. His turning may not be visible at first; it begins inwardly, with coldness, compromise, or neglect. Spurgeon insightfully described him: “The first part of his name is ‘backslider.’ He is not a back runner, nor a back leaper, but a backslider, that is to say he slides back with an easy, effortless motion, softly, quietly, perhaps unsuspected by himself or anybody else.”
Though his fall may be gradual, the result is inevitable: “He shall be filled with his own ways.” The backslider reaps the bitter fruit of his choices — sin, emptiness, and disappointment. Clarke summarized it: “Having his soul saturated with folly, sin, and disappointment.” Sin carries its own punishment; God allows the backslider to be filled with the consequences of his own path.
Bridges adds balance: “Every spot does not mean that you have leprosy. Every sin does not indicate that you are a backslider.” Occasional failure does not equal apostasy. The true backslider is one whose heart has turned away from God, even while his outward religion remains. Spurgeon warned, “The story of Judas has been written over and over again in the lives of other traitors. We have heard of Judas as a deacon, and as an elder; we have heard Judas preach, we have read the works of Judas the bishop, and seen Judas the missionary.”
In contrast, “a good man shall be satisfied from himself.” The faithful servant of God finds inward satisfaction not from self-righteousness, but from the peace of a clear conscience and a heart at rest in God. Morgan wrote, “Which simply means that whatever may be within a man, in the deepest region of his personality, will sooner or later be wrought out into actual experience and visibility.” The good man’s inner life, shaped by godly principles and divine grace, produces outward joy and inward contentment.
Summary:
Proverbs 14:11–14 contrasts the enduring blessing of the righteous with the inevitable ruin of the wicked. The wicked man’s house falls, while the upright man’s tent flourishes. The way that seems right to man leads to death, while the way of wisdom leads to life. Outward laughter cannot heal inward sorrow, and superficial joy ends in grief. The backslider is filled with the emptiness of his rebellion, while the good man enjoys divine satisfaction. Together, these verses remind us that spiritual integrity, not worldly strength or appearance, determines the true foundation of life.
Discernment, Temperance, and the Triumph of the Righteous
Proverbs 14:15–19
Proverbs 14:15
“The simple believeth every word: but the prudent man looketh well to his going.”
The “simple” person in Scripture is not necessarily unintelligent, but undiscerning. He lacks moral and spiritual discernment and therefore accepts every claim or opinion without examination. His trust is misplaced because it is blind and undiscriminating. He believes every word he hears, especially if it is spoken persuasively or with apparent sincerity. This credulity leads him into danger, error, and ultimately ruin.
Bridges wisely remarks, “To believe every word of God is faith. To believe every word of man is credulity…. An indiscriminate faith is, therefore, fraught with mischief. The world was ruined by this weakness (Genesis 3:1–6).” Eve’s failure to discern truth from deceit led to the Fall of mankind. Similarly, the simple man’s untested trust exposes him to deception.
In contrast, “the prudent man looketh well to his going.” The wise and cautious individual examines each step of his path, weighing truth and motive before committing himself. He measures both the counsel he receives and the actions he takes by the light of God’s Word. As Psalm 119:105 declares, “Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path.” The prudent man is neither cynical nor naive; he walks in wisdom, guided by understanding and the fear of the Lord.
Proverbs 14:16
“A wise man feareth, and departeth from evil: but the fool rageth, and is confident.”
The wise man possesses a reverent fear of God that causes him to recognize evil and withdraw from it. He is not curious about sin nor confident in his ability to resist it. Wisdom teaches that to fear evil is not cowardice but prudence. True courage avoids unnecessary temptation. The wise man understands that evil’s power lies not merely in its presence but in his proximity to it; thus, he departs quickly and decisively.
The fool, however, “rageth, and is confident.” He boasts of his strength and rushes headlong into danger. His rage blinds him to reality, and his self-confidence seals his downfall. “Instead of godly fear,” says Bridges, “he rages with uncontrolled temper and outbursts.” His false confidence springs from pride, not faith. The fool’s presumption is his undoing, for “Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall” (Proverbs 16:18).
The contrast is sharp: wisdom flees evil; folly flirts with it. The wise tremble at sin; the fool trusts himself and perishes in arrogance.
Proverbs 14:17
“He that is soon angry dealeth foolishly: and a man of wicked devices is hated.”
A man who is “soon angry” reveals the instability of his spirit. Anger clouds reason and leads to impulsive words and reckless decisions. The wise man, by contrast, governs his emotions and practices self-control. James 1:19–20 teaches, “Let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath: For the wrath of man worketh not the righteousness of God.”
Clarke explains that the Hebrew phrase “short of nostrils” (ketsar appayim) reflects how one’s face tightens and nostrils flare when angry. The physical image conveys a moral truth: uncontrolled temper narrows a man’s vision, shutting out wisdom and reason.
The verse continues, “and a man of wicked devices is hated.” Whereas the impulsive man sins through passion, the schemer sins through calculation. Both are destructive, but the latter provokes special contempt. The “man of wicked intentions” manipulates others for gain, plotting deceit and injury. Even the ungodly despise him, for his evil heart makes him untrustworthy. His reputation ensures that no one loves him and all fear his designs.
Proverbs 14:18
“The simple inherit folly: but the prudent are crowned with knowledge.”
This proverb reveals a moral law of inheritance. The simple, who reject wisdom and instruction, receive folly as their rightful portion. Just as a son inherits the estate of his father, the foolish inherit the fruit of their own ignorance. Their carelessness becomes their curse.
In contrast, “the prudent are crowned with knowledge.” The wise do not merely acquire knowledge; they wear it like a crown — an emblem of honor and dignity. Their understanding brings them success, discernment, and esteem. Wisdom exalts and adorns its possessor, setting him apart from the simple who inherit shame. The Apostle Paul reflected this principle when he prayed that believers would “be filled with the knowledge of his will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding” (Colossians 1:9). Knowledge rightly applied becomes a crown that beautifies life and glorifies God.
Proverbs 14:19
“The evil bow before the good; and the wicked at the gates of the righteous.”
Here Solomon looks beyond the apparent injustices of the present world to the ultimate triumph of righteousness. Though the wicked may seem to prosper, a day comes when they must bow in submission to the good. Their proud resistance will end in humiliation. Ross comments, “Ultimately the wicked will acknowledge and serve the righteous. The figure used here is of a conquered people kneeling before their victors awaiting their commands.”
History bears witness to this truth. The Egyptians and Joseph’s brothers bowed before Joseph. The proud Pharaoh and his people bowed before Moses. These earthly examples foreshadow the greater fulfillment when all the ungodly will bow before the Lord and His redeemed. “Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world?” (1 Corinthians 6:2). The wicked will stand in judgment before the righteous Judge and His saints, acknowledging too late the supremacy of righteousness.
“The wicked at the gates of the righteous” evokes the image of conquered enemies approaching the city gate in surrender. The “gate” was the place of authority, judgment, and honor in ancient Israel. The righteous, once despised, will be vindicated, and those who mocked them will bow in submission.
Summary:
Proverbs 14:15–19 portrays the steady rise of the prudent and the downfall of the foolish. The simple believe everything, while the wise examine carefully. The wise fear evil and flee, while fools rush ahead in arrogance. The quick-tempered act foolishly, and the schemer is despised. The simple inherit folly, but the prudent wear knowledge as a crown. Finally, evil will bow before the good, for God will vindicate righteousness. These verses remind us that discernment, humility, and self-control are the hallmarks of wisdom, and that in the end, righteousness will always prevail.
The Value of Compassion and the Character of True Friendship
Proverbs 14:20–22
Proverbs 14:20
“The poor is hated even of his own neighbour: but the rich hath many friends.”
This proverb offers a realistic, if sobering, picture of human nature. The poor man, though morally upright, is often neglected and despised even by those who live closest to him. His poverty makes him an inconvenience, a reminder of discomfort, or a burden to others’ self-interest. This is not a divine approval of such behavior but a statement of fact about fallen humanity. The selfishness of man causes him to turn from those who cannot benefit him materially.
Bridges observes, “This is a humbling but common illustration of natural selfishness…. But Jesus was deliberately the poor man’s friend. How endearing is Jesus’ love!” Indeed, while the world turns away from the poor, Christ drew near to them. He was Himself “poor, yet making many rich” (2 Corinthians 8:9). He chose to live among the lowly, not the powerful. His ministry dignified poverty and exposed the world’s superficiality.
By contrast, “the rich hath many friends.” Wealth attracts attention, admiration, and companionship — though often of a superficial kind. The proverb does not commend this, but merely recognizes it as reality. These friends may be “fair-weather” companions, motivated by gain rather than affection. Proverbs 19:4 echoes this truth: “Wealth maketh many friends; but the poor is separated from his neighbour.”
The verse invites reflection on our motives in relationships. Do we value people for what they have or for who they are? True friendship is not purchased with riches but founded on integrity and love.
Proverbs 14:21
“He that despiseth his neighbour sinneth: but he that hath mercy on the poor, happy is he.”
This verse moves from observation to moral instruction. To “despise” one’s neighbor is not merely unkind — it is sin. Every human being bears the image of God, and contempt for another person is contempt for that divine image. Leviticus 19:18 commands, “Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.” Jesus Christ confirmed this as the second great commandment (Matthew 22:39).
To despise the poor or weak is to exalt oneself falsely. God measures righteousness not by social standing but by the heart that shows mercy. The one who looks down on others sins because he denies both the equality of creation and the compassion of the Creator.
In contrast, “he that hath mercy on the poor, happy is he.” Compassion brings inner joy and divine favor. True mercy imitates the character of God, who “is kind unto the unthankful and to the evil” (Luke 6:35). The merciful man not only blesses others but is himself blessed, for “Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy” (Matthew 5:7).
The connection between the two lines of this proverb also warns against false charity. One must never show mercy in a condescending spirit that secretly despises those helped. God values mercy born of love, not pity born of pride. The one who gives with humility and sincerity receives happiness and the approval of heaven.
Proverbs 14:22
“Do they not err that devise evil? but mercy and truth shall be to them that devise good.”
This verse addresses the inner life — the thoughts and intentions that shape character. To “devise evil” is not only to do wrong but to plan, plot, and scheme for wicked ends. Such people “err,” or go astray, long before their actions manifest. Sin begins in the heart. As Jesus taught, “Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart” (Matthew 5:28).
Trapp colorfully paraphrases the Hebrew: “They that plough it and plot it, that dig it and delve it, that whet their wits and beat their brains about it — do not these err?” The imagery emphasizes laborious wickedness — people expending as much effort to do harm as the righteous do to do good.
In contrast, “mercy and truth shall be to them that devise good.” God rewards those who deliberately plan righteousness. Just as the wicked devise destruction, the godly should devise blessing. Wisdom calls the believer to be as intentional in good works as the sinner is in evil. Bridges challenges us: “Wicked as it is to do evil, it is far more wicked to plot evil. Children of God, do you show the same diligence and determination in planning to do good?”
Mercy and truth — divine attributes reflecting God’s own character — follow those who design good for others. The one who sets his mind on helping, healing, and restoring will find God’s favor accompanying his every effort. Planning good is not passive virtue but active righteousness; it imitates God, whose plans are always redemptive.
Summary:
Proverbs 14:20–22 reveals the moral contrast between selfishness and compassion, deceit and integrity. The poor are often despised by a world driven by gain, but the merciful find happiness and divine favor. Those who devise evil go astray, but those who plan good inherit mercy and truth. These verses challenge the believer to reject selfishness, pursue active kindness, and reflect the heart of Christ, who was the friend of the poor and the designer of every good and perfect gift.
The Value of Work, Wisdom, and Truth
Proverbs 14:23–25
Proverbs 14:23
“In all labour there is profit: but the talk of the lips tendeth only to penury.”
This proverb presents a timeless principle of diligence and responsibility. “In all labour there is profit” affirms that honest effort brings reward. Hard work develops discipline, character, and skill, and even when it does not yield immediate financial gain, it still produces spiritual and moral growth. God honors labor because He Himself is a worker. From the creation of the world to the sustaining of His people, God’s nature demonstrates purposeful work (Genesis 2:2–3, John 5:17).
The Hebrew word for “profit” carries the sense of increase or advancement. Work leads to tangible progress, while idleness stagnates. Paul echoes this principle in the New Testament: “And let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not” (Galatians 6:9). The believer’s labor is never in vain when done unto the Lord (1 Corinthians 15:58).
In contrast, “the talk of the lips tendeth only to penury” — meaning, mere words or empty talk lead to poverty. Idleness often disguises itself in conversation — talking about work instead of doing it, planning endlessly but never producing. “People should be more afraid of idle talk than of hard work,” notes Ross. “Do not just talk about it — Do it!” Trapp similarly observes, “Great talkers are do-littles, for the most part.” He reminds us how Jacob rebuked his sons for their indecision: “Why do ye look one upon another? Get you down to Egypt” (Genesis 42:1–2).
The message is clear: industry brings reward; idleness brings want. A productive life is marked by action, not empty words.
Proverbs 14:24
“The crown of the wise is their riches: but the foolishness of fools is folly.”
Here Solomon contrasts the outward fruit of wisdom with the inevitable result of folly. “The crown of the wise is their riches.” Wisdom, when combined with diligence and godly character, often leads to material blessing. The wise man’s riches are not merely wealth but the honor and respect that accompany prudent living. His prosperity testifies to the soundness of his judgment.
Solomon does not suggest that wealth is the ultimate reward of wisdom, but rather that it is one of its natural consequences when obtained righteously. The wise know how to manage resources well, avoid debt, and work with purpose. Thus, their riches become a “crown,” symbolizing accomplishment, stewardship, and divine favor.
In contrast, “the foolishness of fools is folly.” The phrase emphasizes the self-perpetuating nature of foolishness. The fool’s life produces nothing of lasting value; his only reward is more folly. What wisdom produces in the form of prosperity, folly reproduces as shame. The fool’s “crown” is his disgrace, for his lack of discernment leads to poverty, chaos, and moral ruin. As Proverbs 26:11 states, “As a dog returneth to his vomit, so a fool returneth to his folly.”
Thus, wisdom crowns a man with fruitfulness and honor, but folly crowns its possessor with disgrace and emptiness.
Proverbs 14:25
“A true witness delivereth souls: but a deceitful witness speaketh lies.”
Truth-telling is not merely a virtue; it is a life-preserving duty. “A true witness delivereth souls” — that is, he rescues lives through honest testimony. In a judicial context, his truthful words may spare the innocent from injustice or even death. In a spiritual sense, truth liberates and preserves. Jesus declared, “And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free” (John 8:32).
Kidner insightfully warns, “A man who will trim the facts for you will trim them as easily against you; and a career or a life may hang on a word.” Truth-telling establishes justice, stability, and trust within any community. Falsehood, however, destroys them.
The contrast follows: “But a deceitful witness speaketh lies.” A liar undermines justice and endangers others. His words have destructive power — not only over reputations but over lives. Garrett notes, “This proverb appears to have legal proceedings in view. Honesty in court is not a mere fine point of law; people’s lives depend upon it.” In the ancient world, where legal systems relied heavily on eyewitness testimony, false witnesses were instruments of death (Deuteronomy 19:18–19).
Spiritually, the same principle applies. Those who distort the truth about God or His Word endanger souls. False teachers and deceitful witnesses lead others into destruction (2 Peter 2:1–3). But those who proclaim truth — whether in personal witness or gospel preaching — deliver souls from bondage.
The true witness reflects the character of God, “a God of truth and without iniquity” (Deuteronomy 32:4). The deceitful witness, however, mirrors Satan, “a liar, and the father of it” (John 8:44). Truth liberates; lies enslave.
Summary:
Proverbs 14:23–25 connects diligence, wisdom, and truth as marks of a righteous life. Hard work produces profit, while idle talk leads to poverty. Wisdom brings honor and reward, while folly multiplies shame. A true witness delivers and preserves life through honesty, while a deceitful one destroys through lies. Together, these verses teach that a life of labor, prudence, and truth not only honors God but also blesses others, reflecting the moral order established by the Creator Himself.
The Fear of the Lord and the Strength of Self-Control
Proverbs 14:26–29
Proverbs 14:26
“In the fear of the Lord is strong confidence: and his children shall have a place of refuge.”
The fear of the Lord is not a paralyzing terror but a deep reverence, awe, and submission to God’s holiness and authority. Paradoxically, this reverent fear produces confidence, not insecurity. When one rightly fears God, he ceases to fear anything else. The believer who honors the Lord finds strength, safety, and assurance in His sovereignty. This fear redirects trust away from self-reliance and toward reliance upon God.
“In the fear of the Lord is strong confidence” means that holy reverence is the foundation of courage. The one who fears God can stand firm before men, for he knows the One who controls all outcomes. As Psalm 118:6 declares, “The Lord is on my side; I will not fear: what can man do unto me?” This confidence flows from knowing that the Almighty rules over all things and that nothing can touch His children apart from His will.
“And his children shall have a place of refuge.” The fear of the Lord not only blesses the believer but also extends to his household. God becomes a refuge — a place of safety and rest — for those who belong to Him. Psalm 46:1 confirms this truth: “God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble.” The one who trusts and reveres God finds that He provides both inward confidence and outward protection, not just for the individual but for the family that follows in His ways.
Proverbs 14:27
“The fear of the Lord is a fountain of life, to depart from the snares of death.”
The fear of the Lord, far from being restrictive, is described as “a fountain of life.” A fountain continually renews and refreshes, symbolizing vitality, purity, and sustenance. Genuine reverence for God nourishes the soul, guiding believers into righteousness and keeping them from sin’s corruption. It is life-giving because it aligns the heart with truth and holiness, which are the very essence of life itself.
Many associate fear with suppression or loss, but the fear of God brings abundance. It anchors a person in moral clarity, producing joy and stability rather than anxiety. This fear brings wisdom, and “wisdom giveth life to them that have it” (Ecclesiastes 7:12).
The second line explains one of the practical results of this reverence: “to depart from the snares of death.” The fear of the Lord delivers a man from destructive choices. It keeps him away from the traps of sin and the consequences that lead to ruin. Those who fear God walk circumspectly, avoiding the moral and spiritual pitfalls that ensnare the careless. As Psalm 34:11–14 teaches, “Come, ye children, hearken unto me: I will teach you the fear of the Lord…. Depart from evil, and do good; seek peace, and pursue it.”
Thus, the fear of the Lord does not drain life but preserves it. It refreshes the soul, gives direction, and keeps the believer free from the deadly consequences of folly.
Proverbs 14:28
“In the multitude of people is the king’s honour: but in the want of people is the destruction of the prince.”
This proverb reflects an ancient political truth: a ruler’s strength and glory are measured by the size and stability of his people. “In the multitude of people is the king’s honour.” The prosperity and loyalty of a large population signify the health of a kingdom and the effectiveness of its leadership. Ross observes, “A prince’s power varies with the size of his empire. This statement is generally true of empires; from a human viewpoint political power is based on the number of people in the party.”
The second line contrasts this with the warning that “in the want of people is the destruction of the prince.” Without a thriving population, there can be no national power, productivity, or security. Depopulation — whether by war, oppression, or bad governance — leads to collapse. In ancient times, kings sought to increase their numbers through peace, prosperity, and the expansion of territory.
Spiritually, this proverb also cautions against measuring success by worldly standards. In ministry and service, a “multitude” is not the only measure of honor. True greatness is found not in numbers but in faithfulness. The Apostle Paul might rephrase the principle: “In a multitude of people is a king’s honour, but in love, faithfulness, and sacrificial service is an apostle’s honour.” Waltke reminds us, “The proverb must be held in tension with the biblical teaching that large numbers are of little value with the Lord’s presence (Psalm 33:16–17).” God can save “by many or by few” (1 Samuel 14:6), and His measure of success is obedience, not crowd size.
Proverbs 14:29
“He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding: but he that is hasty of spirit exalteth folly.”
Patience and self-control are marks of true wisdom. “He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding.” The wise person knows the danger of anger and learns to restrain it. Anger, when left unchecked, blinds judgment, hardens the heart, and destroys peace. The one who is “slow to wrath” shows maturity and insight, because he looks beyond the immediate offense and considers the long-term consequences. James 1:19–20 echoes this truth: “Let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath: for the wrath of man worketh not the righteousness of God.”
By contrast, “he that is hasty of spirit exalteth folly.” The impulsive person, quick to anger and slow to reflect, brings foolishness to the forefront. His rash reactions magnify conflict and dishonor. He glorifies folly because his behavior becomes a public display of instability and lack of discipline.
The lesson is practical and moral: the wise master their emotions, while the foolish are mastered by them. True strength lies not in domination or temper but in the quiet restraint that flows from godly understanding. Proverbs 16:32 reinforces this: “He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty; and he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a city.”
Summary:
Proverbs 14:26–29 teaches that the fear of the Lord produces strength, life, and protection. Those who revere Him find confidence and refuge in His care. This same reverence guards the soul from sin’s snares. The honor of earthly kings may rest on crowds, but true success is measured by faithfulness before God. Finally, patience and self-control are the marks of understanding, while impulsive anger exalts folly. Together, these verses portray a life rooted in reverence, ruled by wisdom, and sustained by peace with God.
Health, Compassion, and the Fruits of Wisdom
Proverbs 14:30–33
Proverbs 14:30
“A sound heart is the life of the flesh: but envy the rottenness of the bones.”
The phrase a sound heart refers not to physical health, but to spiritual and emotional stability — a heart at peace with God and content in His providence. Such a heart brings vitality to the whole person. A peaceful spirit contributes to physical well-being, emotional balance, and spiritual health. Anxiety, resentment, and turmoil drain life, while trust and contentment sustain it.
A “sound heart” is rooted in righteousness and the fear of the Lord. Isaiah 26:3 declares, “Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee: because he trusteth in thee.” Peace with God creates inner health that extends outward into every part of life.
In contrast, envy is the rottenness of the bones. Envy consumes from within, like decay in the marrow of the bones. It corrodes joy, peace, and gratitude, leading to bitterness and unrest. Kidner aptly remarks, “The proverb teaches that to nurse a resentment is bad for body as well as soul: it is no sacrifice when we renounce it.” To harbor envy is to let poison sit in the heart. A man may look well outwardly, yet envy secretly wastes him away. The lesson is plain: peace strengthens, envy destroys.
Proverbs 14:31
“He that oppresseth the poor reproacheth his Maker: but he that honoureth him hath mercy on the poor.”
This verse connects the treatment of others to one’s relationship with God. To oppress the poor is not merely a social wrong; it is a direct insult to the Creator who made both rich and poor in His image. When one despises or exploits the needy, he shows contempt not only for man but for God Himself. As Proverbs 17:5 affirms, “Whoso mocketh the poor reproacheth his Maker: and he that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished.”
To honor God is to reflect His compassion. “He that honoureth him hath mercy on the poor.” Those who revere the Lord will imitate His mercy and generosity. The heart that has experienced grace extends grace to others. John wrote, “Whoso hath this world’s good, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him?” (1 John 3:17).
Garrett notes, “Verse 31 stands in the ancient Near Eastern tradition of warning rulers not to trample upon the rights of the poor; the king who ignores this advice will soon find himself without a nation.” Indeed, nations that exalt greed and despise mercy bring ruin upon themselves. God identifies so closely with the poor that He counts mercy toward them as service to Himself: “He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord; and that which he hath given will he pay him again” (Proverbs 19:17).
Proverbs 14:32
“The wicked is driven away in his wickedness: but the righteous hath hope in his death.”
This proverb contrasts the destinies of the wicked and the righteous. “The wicked is driven away in his wickedness” — he dies as he lived, under the power and penalty of sin. His life ends without hope, and his death becomes a final expulsion. Wickedness offers no refuge in the hour of judgment; it leaves the soul destitute and afraid.
But “the righteous hath hope in his death.” The believer’s confidence extends beyond this life into eternity. Death does not destroy his hope but fulfills it. While the wicked is driven away, the righteous is received into refuge. This glimmer of eternal assurance shines through the Old Testament like a faint sunrise before the full light of Christ’s resurrection. Kidner comments, “Job and the Psalms show occasional glimpses, such as this, of what lies normally beyond their view.”
For the righteous, death is not a terror but a transition — the gateway to the presence of God. Psalm 116:15 declares, “Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints.” This proverb anticipates the full revelation of eternal life in Christ, who said, “I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live” (John 11:25).
Proverbs 14:33
“Wisdom resteth in the heart of him that hath understanding: but that which is in the midst of fools is made known.”
Wisdom abides quietly and securely within the heart of those who possess understanding. “Resteth” suggests tranquility and permanence. The wise man does not flaunt his knowledge; he treasures it within and applies it with discernment. True wisdom does not boast but governs the soul with quiet strength. As Bridges notes, “True wisdom sets its throne in the heart.”
By contrast, “that which is in the midst of fools is made known.” Fools cannot contain their thoughts or conceal their ignorance. Their lack of discretion makes their folly evident to all. As Proverbs 12:23 says, “A prudent man concealeth knowledge: but the heart of fools proclaimeth foolishness.” What lies within eventually manifests outwardly. Wisdom produces calm and depth; folly produces noise and exposure.
Summary:
Proverbs 14:30–33 explores the moral and spiritual dynamics of the heart. A sound heart brings health; envy corrupts. Mercy toward the poor honors God, while oppression insults the Creator. The wicked perish without refuge, but the righteous rest in hope even in death. Wisdom rests quietly in the heart of the discerning, while folly proclaims itself loudly. These verses remind believers that inner virtue, compassion, and reverence for God yield strength, hope, and life both now and eternally.
The Power of Righteousness and the King’s Reward
Proverbs 14:34–35
Proverbs 14:34
“Righteousness exalteth a nation: but sin is a reproach to any people.”
This timeless proverb reveals one of the most profound principles of divine government. A nation’s greatness is not measured by its armies, wealth, or culture, but by its righteousness. “Righteousness exalteth a nation” means that obedience to God’s moral law and adherence to truth and justice lift a nation up in strength, dignity, and divine favor.
Righteousness exalts because it aligns a people with the character of God. Where truth is honored, integrity practiced, and justice administered without partiality, there is blessing and stability. God’s Word repeatedly connects national prosperity with righteousness. Deuteronomy 28 outlines blessings upon a people who obey the Lord and curses upon those who forsake Him. History confirms this pattern — nations that have upheld truth and godliness have prospered, while those that gloried in sin eventually collapsed under their own corruption.
Many things may, in human estimation, exalt a nation — military might, economic strength, technological advancement, or political influence — yet all are fleeting without moral foundation. Spiritual decay inevitably undermines them. The prophet Jeremiah wrote, “O Lord, though our iniquities testify against us, do thou it for thy name’s sake” (Jeremiah 14:7). The true path to national greatness is repentance and a return to righteousness. The most patriotic act a person can perform is to walk uprightly before God, for personal holiness contributes to national health.
“But sin is a reproach to any people.” Sin brings shame, weakness, and divine judgment. It stains the conscience of a nation and erodes its moral fabric. Bridges warns, “No nation is so low as not to sink even lower under sin. The strongest nations are given an indelible blot if they are overcome by sin. What an enemy an ungodly man is to his country. He may talk eloquently about his patriotism, but even if God should elevate him in his work, he will only bring disgrace on his people.”
The downfall of every great empire — from Babylon to Rome — bears witness to this truth. When sin becomes institutionalized, when righteousness is mocked, and when the fear of God is abandoned, national decline follows inevitably. Righteousness exalts; sin debases. This principle holds true not only for nations but for families, churches, and individuals.
Proverbs 14:35
“The king’s favour is toward a wise servant: but his wrath is against him that causeth shame.”
This proverb speaks to the realities of authority and accountability. “The king’s favour is toward a wise servant.” A wise and faithful servant brings honor to his master and finds reward and favor in return. Wisdom leads to diligence, integrity, and discernment — all qualities that make a servant valuable to his ruler. The same is true in every sphere of leadership: those who serve wisely are trusted, respected, and promoted.
Bridges reflects personally, “What will the solemn day of reckoning bring to me? May I, may we all be found to be wise servants to the best of Kings.” This points to a higher truth: believers serve the King of Kings (Revelation 19:16). The wise servant who faithfully uses his talents for God’s glory will receive divine approval: “Well done, thou good and faithful servant” (Matthew 25:21).
“But his wrath is against him that causeth shame.” Kings, both earthly and divine, are dishonored by careless or corrupt service. To cause shame means to bring disrepute upon one’s master through foolish management, negligence, or sin. Poole notes, this refers to one who brings “both to himself, by his foolish management of the king’s affairs committed to him; and to the king, who made so foolish a choice of a servant.”
Kidner captures the warning: “The saying is a bracing reminder not to blame luck or favouritism but one’s own shortcomings, for any lack of recognition. Moffatt gives the sense well: ‘The king favours an able minister; his anger is for the incompetent.’” Foolish or deceitful servants bring harm to both themselves and those they represent.
For the believer, this proverb carries profound spiritual application. Our King, the Lord Jesus Christ, is not a harsh ruler but a gracious Redeemer. He bore the shame of our sin so that we could be restored to favor. As Hebrews 12:2 proclaims, He “endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.” Therefore, out of gratitude and reverence, we ought to serve Him wisely, faithfully, and with excellence.
Summary:
Proverbs 14:34–35 concludes the chapter by elevating two key truths: righteousness exalts both nations and individuals, while sin brings disgrace and ruin. The wise servant gains the favor of his king through faithful service, while the foolish one invites wrath through incompetence or shameful behavior. Ultimately, the exaltation of nations, the favor of kings, and the reward of servants all rest upon the same foundation — righteousness before God.
