Philippians Chapter 1
Introduction to the Book of Philippians
1. Historical and Geographic Context of Philippi
Philippi was a prominent city in Macedonia, named after Philip of Macedon, the father of Alexander the Great. Located near the ancient springs called “Crenides,” its fertile plain and mineral wealth—especially gold and silver—made it economically significant. But its strategic importance exceeded even these advantages: Philippi sat on the Via Egnatia, a major Roman military road connecting Europe and Asia. It was a natural gateway between East and West.
The city was thrust into Roman prominence in 42 B.C., when Brutus and Cassius (the assassins of Julius Caesar) were defeated here by Mark Antony and Octavian. Following this victory, Philippi was declared a Roman colony, enjoying jus Italicum, meaning its citizens were regarded as full Roman citizens with all accompanying privileges.
Thus, Philippi was a Roman colony in Greek territory, a place where Roman culture, law, and status were proudly maintained. This becomes an important lens through which to understand Paul’s epistle, particularly his emphasis on heavenly citizenship (Philippians 3:20).
“For our citizenship is in heaven, from which we also eagerly wait for the Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ.”
— Philippians 3:20, NKJV
2. Paul's First Visit to Philippi (Acts 16)
Philippi became the first European city to hear the gospel. Paul was divinely led there by a vision of a man from Macedonia pleading, “Come over to Macedonia and help us” (Acts 16:9). This divine guidance, through closed doors and spiritual constraint, reveals how God sovereignly orchestrates missionary expansion.
Paul’s companions on this journey included Silas, Timothy, and Luke (noted by the “we” in Acts 16:10). Upon arrival, there was no synagogue in Philippi (which required ten Jewish men), so they found a prayer meeting of women by the riverside.
Three notable conversions occurred, demonstrating the power of the gospel to transcend racial, gender, and social barriers:
Lydia – A wealthy Asian businesswoman, a seller of purple from Thyatira. A worshiper of God whose heart the Lord opened (Acts 16:14).
A demon-possessed slave girl – A Greek fortune-teller exploited by her masters. Paul cast out the spirit, costing her owners their source of income (Acts 16:16–18).
The Roman jailer – A middle-class Gentile and servant of the Empire, who, after a miraculous earthquake, asked, “What must I do to be saved?” (Acts 16:30).
These three converts formed the diverse core of the first church in Europe, and their transformation illustrates Galatians 3:28 fulfilled in action:
“There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus.”
— Galatians 3:28, NKJV
3. The Epistle’s Occasion and Purpose
Paul wrote the epistle during his first Roman imprisonment (around A.D. 60–62). He was under house arrest, guarded by the Praetorian Guard, but his ministry continued unabated (Philippians 1:12–13).
The Philippians had sent Epaphroditus to bring Paul financial support (Philippians 4:18) and encouragement. Paul’s letter is a thank-you note, but it goes far beyond that—it is a deeply affectionate, joyful, and personal letter devoid of the rebukes and theological corrections found in some of his other epistles.
Key themes include:
Joy in Christ (mentioned ~16 times)
Fellowship in the gospel
The humility and exaltation of Christ (Philippians 2:5–11)
The Christian’s heavenly citizenship
Suffering for Christ’s sake as a privilege
4. Unique Characteristics of the Letter
It’s Paul’s most personal and joyful letter: He refers to the Philippians as his “joy and crown” (Philippians 4:1).
No doctrinal rebuke: Unlike Galatians or Corinthians, there is no major doctrinal or moral correction.
Heavy Roman imagery: The terms citizenship, colony, and conduct all reflect the Philippians’ Roman pride, which Paul redirects toward their spiritual identity in Christ (Philippians 1:27).
Christ-Centeredness: Jesus Christ is mentioned 40 times in just 104 verses. He is the focus, goal, and source of joy.
“For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain.”
— Philippians 1:21, NKJV
5. Key Themes for Teaching
A. The Joy of the Gospel
Paul teaches that joy is not rooted in external circumstances but in the unchanging person of Christ. Even in prison, Paul rejoices because the gospel is being advanced (Philippians 1:12–18).
B. The Mind of Christ
Philippians 2:5–11 contains the Kenosis passage, one of the deepest theological texts in the New Testament, describing Christ’s voluntary humility and exaltation. It is the “Great Parabola”—from glory to the grave, then raised in power.
C. The Pursuit of Christ
Paul counts all things loss compared to knowing Christ (Philippians 3:7–11). He presses forward, not looking back, modeling Christian perseverance and heavenly ambition.
D. Generosity and Partnership
The Philippians repeatedly supported Paul financially—something he rarely accepted (Philippians 4:10–19). Their generosity showed true fellowship in the gospel (koinonia).
6. Outline of the Epistle
Chapter 1: Paul’s present condition and joyful perspective in chains.
Chapter 2: The mind of Christ and Christian humility.
Chapter 3: A warning against Judaizers and the surpassing value of Christ.
Chapter 4: Practical encouragements, peace, and Paul’s gratitude.
7. Application for Today
True joy comes from fellowship with Christ, not favorable conditions.
The Christian life is a race, not a walk; we must “press on” (Philippians 3:14).
Suffering for Christ is not a curse, but a privilege (Philippians 1:29).
We are called to conduct ourselves as citizens of heaven, reflecting our identity in every area of life (Philippians 1:27).
Christ is our model for humility and obedience, and we are to have His mindset (Philippians 2:5).
Paul’s Love and Concern for the Philippians
Philippians 1:1–6 (NKJV)
A. Paul’s Greeting and Prayer for the Philippian Believers
1. Philippians 1:1–2 — The Address and Initial Greeting
“Paul and Timothy, bondservants of Jesus Christ,
To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are in Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:
Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.”
— Philippians 1:1–2, NKJV
a. The Authors: Paul and Timothy
Paul identifies himself alongside Timothy—not with apostolic authority but as “bondservants” (Greek: doulos, slaves)—a title that denotes humility and complete devotion to Christ. There is no assertion of rank, only surrender to the will of the Lord Jesus.
This is significant. Writing from Roman imprisonment (Acts 28:30–31), Paul chooses to emphasize not his office but his servitude. This aligns with the theme of servant-mindedness found later in Philippians 2:5–8. True spiritual leadership flows not from status but from sacrificial service.
Timothy, though younger, is called Paul’s “true son in the faith” (see 1 Timothy 1:2), and their united front demonstrates discipleship in action—a living testimony of the Great Commission model (Matthew 28:19–20).
b. The Recipients: Saints, Bishops, and Deacons
Paul addresses “all the saints in Christ Jesus”—a reminder that sainthood is not reserved for spiritual elites but applies to every believer who is set apart in Christ (cf. 1 Corinthians 1:2).
He then uniquely mentions “bishops and deacons,” the only time Paul does this in an epistolary greeting. This acknowledges:
Bishops (episkopoi): Overseers responsible for the spiritual leadership of the church.
Deacons (diakonoi): Servants attending to the practical needs of the body.
This structure reflects a biblical, two-office model—consistent with Baptist ecclesiology—where the local church is led by qualified elders and deacons (see 1 Timothy 3:1–13; Titus 1:5–9).
c. The Blessing: Grace and Peace
Paul's salutation, “Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ,” unites both Greek and Jewish greetings into a singular blessing found only in Christ.
Grace (charis): God’s unmerited favor—our standing.
Peace (eirēnē): The result of grace—our experience.
The order matters. We can only have peace because we first receive grace through the cross. This is consistent with Romans 5:1:
“Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.”
— Romans 5:1, NKJV
2. Philippians 1:3–6 — Paul’s Thanksgiving and Confidence
“I thank my God upon every remembrance of you,
Always in every prayer of mine making request for you all with joy,
For your fellowship in the gospel from the first day until now,
Being confident of this very thing,
That He who has begun a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ.”
— Philippians 1:3–6, NKJV
a. A Grateful Heart for Gospel Partners
Paul’s opening words overflow with thanksgiving. He says, “I thank my God upon every remembrance of you,”—an emotional tribute to a church that stood by him in both spiritual and material support (Philippians 4:15–16). This is not mere sentiment, but the fruit of fellowship in the Spirit.
“I thank my God always concerning you for the grace of God which was given to you by Christ Jesus.”
— 1 Corinthians 1:4, NKJV
Though imprisoned and uncertain about the outcome, Paul’s heart is full of joy—proving that joy is not circumstantial but Christ-centered (cf. Nehemiah 8:10; Galatians 5:22).
b. Joy in Prayer
Paul’s intercessory habit is marked by “every prayer… with joy.” This joy is a spiritual affection rooted in divine truth. He sees past his chains and views the Philippians with affection. The Greek word chara appears repeatedly throughout this epistle, revealing Paul’s inner triumph over suffering (cf. Philippians 4:4).
“Rejoice in the Lord always. Again I will say, rejoice!”
— Philippians 4:4, NKJV
c. Fellowship in the Gospel (Koinonia)
Paul praises the partnership (koinonia) the Philippians shared “from the first day until now.” This is not casual association but active, sacrificial participation in Paul’s gospel mission.
They supported him:
In hospitality (Acts 16:15),
In spiritual solidarity (Philippians 1:7),
In financial aid (Philippians 4:15–18; 2 Corinthians 8:1–5).
Their giving was an act of worship (Philippians 4:18), showing that true fellowship always involves sacrifice.
d. Assurance of God’s Faithful Completion
Paul declares his confidence: “He who has begun a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ.” This is a pillar of eternal security, affirming that the work of regeneration is not man’s doing, but God’s initiative—and what God starts, He finishes.
Compare:
“And I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; neither shall anyone snatch them out of My hand.”
— John 10:28, NKJV
“For I am persuaded that neither death nor life… shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.”
— Romans 8:38–39, NKJV
This promise is anchored in eschatological hope—"until the day of Jesus Christ”—referring to the return of Christ and the final glorification of the saints (cf. 1 Thessalonians 4:16–17; 1 Corinthians 15:52).
e. Spurgeon’s Reflections on God's Work
Charles Spurgeon rightly notes that God’s work is always rooted in His goodness:
“The work of grace has its root in the divine goodness of the Father, it is planted by the self-denying goodness of the Son, and it is daily watered by the goodness of the Holy Spirit… it springs from good and leads to good, and so is altogether good.”
And again:
“Show me for once a world abandoned and thrown aside half-formed... Show me a universe cast off from the Great Potter’s wheel… and I will then concede the possibility of God’s abandoning one soul who has trusted Him. But not until then.”
Conclusion and Teaching Emphasis
Paul’s joy and gratitude are rooted in their gospel partnership, not superficial feelings.
The triune God is the author, sustainer, and finisher of our salvation.
True fellowship in the gospel will involve prayer, giving, and mutual affection.
Every believer has the assurance of completion—our salvation is a work God will finish.
The “day of Jesus Christ” reminds us to live in light of eternity, pressing toward the prize (Philippians 3:14).
Philippians 1:7–11 (NKJV)
3. Philippians 1:7–8 — Paul’s Deep Affection and Fellowship with the Philippians
“Just as it is right for me to think this of you all, because I have you in my heart,
inasmuch as both in my chains and in the defense and confirmation of the gospel,
you all are partakers with me of grace.
For God is my witness, how greatly I long for you all with the affection of Jesus Christ.”
— Philippians 1:7–8, NKJV
a. “It is right for me to think this of you all”
Paul affirms that his joy and confidence in their spiritual growth (v.6) is no mere sentiment—it is right. Their unwavering partnership in the gospel, even during his chains, proves the authenticity of their faith. They had stood with him in persecution, financial giving, and gospel ministry.
“...both in my chains and in the defense and confirmation of the gospel”—Even while Paul was imprisoned, they did not distance themselves. The word "defense" (apologia) refers to reasoned argumentation (as in 1 Peter 3:15), and “confirmation” (bebaiōsis) means establishing truth with authority.
“Therefore do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me His prisoner,
but share with me in the sufferings for the gospel according to the power of God.”
— 2 Timothy 1:8, NKJV
b. “I have you in my heart”
Though Paul’s intellect was unmatched, his pastoral heart was just as profound. This is not a cold theological treatise—it’s a letter of love. His ministry was relationally rooted.
“For God is my witness, how greatly I long for you all with the affection of Jesus Christ.”
— Philippians 1:8, NKJV
He doesn’t merely miss them—he longs for them with the affections (splagchna, deep inward feelings) of Christ Himself. Paul’s yearning is not carnal nostalgia—it is the Spirit-generated love of Christ flowing through him.
As Clarke paraphrased:
“I call God to witness that I have the strongest affection for you, and that I love you with that same kind of tender concern with which Christ loved the world when He gave Himself for it.”
This is the kind of love believers should cultivate—Christ-centered, sacrificial, enduring.
4. Philippians 1:9–11 — Paul’s Intercessory Prayer for Their Spiritual Growth
“And this I pray, that your love may abound still more and more in knowledge and all discernment,
that you may approve the things that are excellent, that you may be sincere and without offense till the day of Christ,
being filled with the fruits of righteousness which are by Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God.”
— Philippians 1:9–11, NKJV
a. “That your love may abound still more and more”
Paul acknowledges their existing love but prays that it would overflow continually. The verb abound (perisseuō) denotes an ever-increasing abundance, like a river overflowing its banks.
Clarke remarked:
“That it may be like a river, perpetually fed with rain and fresh streams so that it continues to swell and increase until it fills all its banks, and floods the adjacent plains.”
Application: Even mature Christians must grow in love. The goal is not plateau but perpetual overflow.
b. “In knowledge and all discernment”
This love is not unthinking emotion; it must be informed and wise:
Knowledge (epignōsis)—precise and correct understanding of God’s truth.
Discernment (aisthēsis)—moral perception, practical insight.
This guards against sentimentalism and shallow unity. Love without truth leads to tolerance of error (cf. 1 Corinthians 5:1–7). Paul desires a love grounded in theology, guided by the Spirit.
“Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits, whether they are of God…”
— 1 John 4:1, NKJV
c. “That you may approve the things that are excellent”
The purpose of godly discernment is moral clarity. The Greek word for approve (dokimazō) means to test and prove by examination. Believers must distinguish not just between good and evil, but between good and best—those things that are excellent.
“Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind,
that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God.”
— Romans 12:2, NKJV
This demands a biblically-trained conscience.
d. “That you may be sincere and without offense till the day of Christ”
Sincere (eilikrinēs)—literally “sun-tested”; it refers to inner purity. In the ancient world, cracked pottery was sometimes filled with wax and passed off as whole. Held up to sunlight, the flaws would be exposed. Paul prays they be genuinely whole before God.
Without offense (aproskopos)—not causing others to stumble or falling oneself. This relates to external integrity.
“And now abide faith, hope, love, these three; but the greatest of these is love.”
— 1 Corinthians 13:13, NKJV
This kind of integrity is to last “till the day of Christ”—the return of Jesus for His church (cf. Philippians 1:6, 3:20–21; 1 Thessalonians 4:16–17). We are to live today in light of that day.
e. “Being filled with the fruits of righteousness which are by Jesus Christ”
The Christian life is not merely one of avoidance (what we don’t do), but of abundant fruitfulness. These “fruits of righteousness” are the visible outworking of the indwelling Christ.
This echoes Jesus’ words:
“Abide in Me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, unless it abides in the vine, neither can you, unless you abide in Me.”
— John 15:4, NKJV
Fruit-bearing comes not from effort alone, but from union with Christ. These fruits are not earned—they are produced by Jesus Christ, not human effort (cf. Galatians 5:22–23).
f. “To the glory and praise of God”
This is the ultimate aim of all Christian growth—the glory of God. Everything Paul prays for—abounding love, discerning knowledge, sincere holiness, fruitful lives—is for one purpose: God’s praise.
“Therefore, whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.”
— 1 Corinthians 10:31, NKJV
Summary and Teaching Application
Paul’s affection for the Philippians is modeled after Christ’s own heart—deep, sincere, and Spirit-generated.
Christian love must not only abound, but abound in truth and wisdom.
We are called to discern what is excellent, not just acceptable.
God desires that His people be both internally pure and externally blameless.
All Christian maturity must result in spiritual fruitfulness, produced by abiding in Christ.
The end goal is always God’s glory, not our self-exaltation.
B. Paul Explains His Present Circumstances
Philippians 1:12–18 (NKJV)
1. Philippians 1:12–14 — Paul’s Imprisonment Advances the Gospel
“But I want you to know, brethren, that the things which happened to me have actually turned out for the furtherance of the gospel,
so that it has become evident to the whole palace guard, and to all the rest, that my chains are in Christ;
and most of the brethren in the Lord, having become confident by my chains, are much more bold to speak the word without fear.”
— Philippians 1:12–14, NKJV
a. “The things which happened to me”
Paul does not provide a full list here, but he refers to a series of trials: unlawful arrest in Jerusalem, false accusations (Acts 21:27–36), long imprisonment in Caesarea, a near-fatal shipwreck (Acts 27), and now house arrest in Rome (Acts 28:30–31). Yet despite these hardships, Paul interprets it all through the lens of God’s providence.
“And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose.”
— Romans 8:28, NKJV
These are not setbacks; they are sovereign setups for the advancement (prokopē) of the gospel. The term furtherance implies forward movement despite obstacles—like a pioneer cutting through thick forest to make a path. Paul’s chains, in God's hands, became gospel tools.
b. “To the whole palace guard”
The Greek word praitorion refers to the elite Praetorian Guard, Caesar’s personal bodyguards—roughly 9,000 handpicked soldiers. Paul’s confinement under imperial custody gave him direct evangelistic access to Rome’s highest military echelon.
Later, in Philippians 4:22, Paul writes:
“All the saints greet you, but especially those who are of Caesar’s household.”
— Philippians 4:22, NKJV
Through Paul's imprisonment, Christ entered Caesar’s household.
c. “My chains are in Christ”
This is not poetic exaggeration. Paul views himself as a prisoner of Christ, not of Rome (Ephesians 3:1). His chains do not represent failure, but faithfulness. The phrase “in Christ” sanctifies his suffering. He is in union with Christ even in prison, and the Lord is using it for eternal fruit.
d. “Most of the brethren... are much more bold to speak”
Paul’s courageous witness emboldened others. What might have silenced some actually stirred them to action. Instead of discouragement, his chains became a catalyst for widespread gospel proclamation.
“And they departed from the presence of the council, rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for His name.”
— Acts 5:41, NKJV
When suffering is met with joy, it silences critics and strengthens saints.
2. Philippians 1:15–18 — Paul’s View of Rival Preachers
“Some indeed preach Christ even from envy and strife, and some also from good will:
The former preach Christ from selfish ambition, not sincerely, supposing to add affliction to my chains;
but the latter out of love, knowing that I am appointed for the defense of the gospel.
What then? Only that in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is preached;
and in this I rejoice, yes, and will rejoice.”
— Philippians 1:15–18, NKJV
a. “Some indeed preach Christ even from envy and strife”
Paul acknowledges the painful reality: not all ministers have pure motives. Some were envious of Paul’s influence and sought to surpass him now that he was in chains. Their ministry was marked by competition (eritheia) and personal ambition (phthonos).
Yet what did they preach? Christ. And for Paul, that mattered more than their motives.
“Let nothing be done through selfish ambition or conceit, but in lowliness of mind let each esteem others better than himself.”
— Philippians 2:3, NKJV
b. “The former preach Christ from selfish ambition... supposing to add affliction to my chains”
Their goal was not merely self-promotion—it was to afflict Paul. They believed that outshining him in ministry would wound him emotionally, perhaps even spiritually. But Paul had no ego to injure. He was not in ministry for status.
“I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me…”
— Galatians 2:20, NKJV
c. “The latter out of love”
There were others who preached with genuine love for Christ and for Paul. They understood Paul’s unique role as a defender (apologia) of the gospel, a legal term referring to his official position as one making a public case for Christianity before Roman authorities.
Their motivation was pure. Their service was sacrificial.
d. “What then? Christ is preached; and in this I rejoice”
This is the theological climax. Whether from rivalry or reverence, the gospel was advancing. Paul’s joy was not rooted in personal recognition but in Christ being made known.
“He must increase, but I must decrease.”
— John 3:30, NKJV
Paul did not tolerate heresy. In Galatians 1:8–9, he pronounces a curse on anyone who preaches a different gospel, even if from an angel. Here, however, the gospel message is doctrinally sound, but motivationally corrupt.
He distinguishes between:
Right message, wrong motive → Rejoice, let God judge motives.
Wrong message, right motive → Condemn and oppose the message.
This distinction is critical in ministerial discernment. We are not to compromise truth for unity, but we are to rejoice in gospel clarity, even when it comes from imperfect vessels.
As A.W. Tozer wrote:
“I only pray that I may use to Thy glory such modest gifts as I possess...
I will not compare myself with any... I gladly go to the foot of the cross and own myself the least of Thy people.”
This is the heartbeat of gospel humility.
Summary and Application
God’s purposes often advance through trials. Paul’s imprisonment wasn’t a hindrance—it was a platform.
Boldness is contagious. The joy Paul displayed under pressure inspired others to proclaim Christ without fear.
Ministry is not about the minister. Paul’s joy wasn’t tied to who got credit, but whether Christ was preached.
Message matters more than motive, so long as the gospel is sound.
Spiritual maturity rejects rivalry and rejoices in Christ’s name, not our own.
3. Paul’s Confidence in His Present Circumstances
Philippians 1:19–20 (NKJV)
“For I know that this will turn out for my deliverance through your prayer and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ,
according to my earnest expectation and hope that in nothing I shall be ashamed,
but with all boldness, as always, so now also Christ will be magnified in my body, whether by life or by death.”
— Philippians 1:19–20, NKJV
a. “For I know that this will turn out for my deliverance”
The word translated deliverance is sōtēria in Greek, which can mean salvation, vindication, or rescue. Paul may not be speaking of deliverance from death, but rather vindication through faithful witness before Caesar. His ultimate trust is not in a favorable verdict but in God’s sovereign hand guiding all outcomes. Even in unjust imprisonment, Paul does not waver in his assurance that God’s plan is working all things for good (Romans 8:28).
“But the Lord stood with me and strengthened me... and I was delivered out of the mouth of the lion.”
— 2 Timothy 4:17, NKJV
b. “Through your prayer and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ”
Paul strongly affirms the intercessory power of the church. He views the Philippians’ prayers not as perfunctory religious duties, but as divinely empowered means through which God sustains him. The word supply (epichorēgia) refers to a lavish provision—like resources granted to a theatrical production.
“Confess your trespasses to one another, and pray for one another, that you may be healed.
The effective, fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much.”
— James 5:16, NKJV
Paul is saying: Your prayers unleash the ministry of the Holy Spirit in my suffering. He combines both divine sovereignty (the Spirit’s supply) and human responsibility (the church’s prayer) in a perfect theological balance.
c. “Earnest expectation and hope... that in nothing I shall be ashamed”
Paul is not hesitant. His earnest expectation (apokaradokia) literally means “to watch with head stretched forward,” a vivid word picture of an intense, unwavering anticipation. He expects no shame, no spiritual failure, no discrediting of Christ—regardless of the legal verdict. Shame here is not emotional embarrassment but moral failure or compromise.
“Whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame.”
— Romans 10:11, NKJV
d. “Christ will be magnified in my body, whether by life or by death”
This is the central aim of Paul’s life—not survival, but the magnification of Christ. The Greek term megalunthēsetai (will be magnified) means to make great or to declare great. Whether through continued ministry or martyrdom, Paul wants his body to serve as a platform for Christ’s exaltation.
This verse demolishes the self-preserving, comfort-driven Christianity so common today. Paul lives with gospel abandon, where even death is an opportunity for worship.
“Therefore glorify God in your body and in your spirit, which are God’s.”
— 1 Corinthians 6:20, NKJV
4. Paul’s Fearless Outlook on Death and Ministry
Philippians 1:21–26 (NKJV)
“For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain.
But if I live on in the flesh, this will mean fruit from my labor; yet what I shall choose I cannot tell.
For I am hard pressed between the two, having a desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better.
Nevertheless to remain in the flesh is more needful for you.
And being confident of this, I know that I shall remain and continue with you all for your progress and joy of faith,
that your rejoicing for me may be more abundant in Jesus Christ by my coming to you again.”
— Philippians 1:21–26, NKJV
a. “To live is Christ, and to die is gain”
This is Paul’s personal creed, a profound summary of Christian existence.
To live is Christ means: Christ is the content, goal, and reward of life. Every breath serves Him. Every moment is about advancing His name.
To die is gain means: Death is not loss—it is promotion. Paul does not romanticize death, but sees it as the doorway to unfiltered fellowship with Christ.
This verse also refutes false doctrines:
Soul sleep is denied—Paul expects immediate presence with Christ.
Purgatory is denied—there’s no mention of purification after death.
Works-based salvation is denied—Paul’s hope is Christ, not his merit.
“We are confident, yes, well pleased rather to be absent from the body and to be present with the Lord.”
— 2 Corinthians 5:8, NKJV
b. “But if I live on in the flesh, this will mean fruit from my labor”
Paul is not confused about the value of continued life. He knows that as long as God keeps him alive, it will be for fruitful ministry, not idle existence. The phrase fruit from my labor implies both sacrifice and spiritual productivity.
“You did not choose Me, but I chose you and appointed you that you should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit should remain…”
— John 15:16, NKJV
c. “Hard pressed between the two… to depart and be with Christ”
Paul is torn. The word depart (analusai) means to weigh anchor or break camp—a peaceful, purposeful leaving. It is not an escape; it is a homecoming. The phrase with Christ is the focus. Heaven is heaven because Christ is there.
“Father, I desire that they also whom You gave Me may be with Me where I am…”
— John 17:24, NKJV
Spurgeon aptly said, “Paul is not groaning for death; he is longing for Christ.”
d. “Nevertheless to remain… is more needful for you”
Here we see Paul’s pastoral heart. His personal longing to be with Jesus is overridden by his concern for the Philippians’ spiritual progress. This is the true mark of servant leadership—putting others’ needs above one’s own spiritual preferences.
e. “Being confident of this, I know that I shall remain”
Paul anticipates continued life, not based on prophetic certainty, but based on pastoral intuition and faith. God still had work for him, and Paul was willing to stay. Ultimately, he was released from this first Roman imprisonment and continued ministering for some years before later being martyred.
f. “That your rejoicing for me may be more abundant in Jesus Christ by my coming to you again”
Paul’s return would not merely bring personal joy, but joy in Jesus Christ. Christian fellowship is always Christ-centered, not merely nostalgic. His anticipated reunion with the Philippians was about the glory of Christ being exalted through testimony, not just sentiment.
“Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity!”
— Psalm 133:1, NKJV
Conclusion and Application
Prayer is powerful—not as a mystical force, but because it invites the Holy Spirit’s provision.
Life and death are both gain when our ultimate aim is to magnify Christ.
Fruitfulness is the default setting of Christian life, not the exception.
Heaven is not escapism—it is the fulfillment of our longing to be with Christ.
True ministry sacrifices personal comfort for the edification of others.
C. How the Philippians Should Act in Paul’s Absence
Paul exhorts the believers to live as worthy citizens of the gospel, unshaken by adversaries, and steadfast amid suffering.
1. The Call to Unity and Gospel-Centered Conduct
Philippians 1:27 (NKJV)
“Only let your conduct be worthy of the gospel of Christ,
so that whether I come and see you or am absent,
I may hear of your affairs, that you stand fast in one spirit,
with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel.”
a. “Only let your conduct be worthy of the gospel of Christ”
The word translated conduct (politeuomai) speaks of living as a citizen. Paul deliberately uses a political term here to remind the Philippians—who were proud Roman citizens—that they belong to a greater kingdom, the kingdom of God.
Their public behavior as Christians was to reflect the glory of the gospel. This call isn’t for perfection but for integrity, consistency, and loyalty to Christ's lordship in every sphere of life.
“Now then, we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were pleading through us:
we implore you on Christ’s behalf, be reconciled to God.”
— 2 Corinthians 5:20, NKJV
b. “So that whether I come and see you or am absent, I may hear of your affairs”
Paul expects accountability from the church, even in his absence. His goal was that their conduct would be consistent—whether under his eye or not. This is a powerful reminder of the integrity of Christian character: what you are in private must match what you appear to be in public.
c. “That you stand fast in one spirit, with one mind”
Unity is critical to the health of the church. Standing fast means to be immovable under pressure—not divided by personality conflicts, doctrinal deviations, or fear of persecution.
“Now I plead with you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ,
that you all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you,
but that you be perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment.”
— 1 Corinthians 1:10, NKJV
d. “Striving together for the faith of the gospel”
The term striving together (sunathleō) is an athletic metaphor meaning to struggle side by side as a team. The imagery emphasizes coordinated, cooperative effort, not individualism. The goal is the faith of the gospel—that is, both the preservation of sound doctrine and its proclamation to the lost.
“Endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.”
— Ephesians 4:3, NKJV
2. Boldness in the Face of Opposition
Philippians 1:28 (NKJV)
“And not in any way terrified by your adversaries,
which is to them a proof of perdition, but to you of salvation, and that from God.”
a. “Not in any way terrified by your adversaries”
The word terrified here (ptyromenoi) paints a picture of horses startled into a panicked stampede. Paul calls for fearless composure in the face of opposition. Courage is not the absence of danger but the presence of unshakable faith.
This is spiritual warfare, and the enemy's primary weapon is fear. When believers do not yield to fear, they render the enemy’s schemes powerless.
“You will keep him in perfect peace,
whose mind is stayed on You,
because he trusts in You.”
— Isaiah 26:3, NKJV
b. “Which is to them a proof of perdition”
When unbelievers see Christians remain undaunted under pressure, it testifies to their own coming judgment. The word perdition (apōleia) means destruction or damnation, and is used elsewhere in connection with those who reject truth:
“Whose end is destruction, whose god is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame—who set their mind on earthly things.”
— Philippians 3:19, NKJV
“But there were also false prophets among the people... bringing in destructive heresies... and bring on themselves swift destruction.”
— 2 Peter 2:1, NKJV
Their opposition to Christ’s people only seals their fate. The more they fight against the truth, the more they testify to their rebellion and judgment.
c. “But to you of salvation, and that from God”
Fearless endurance is evidence of salvation. Paul is not teaching that boldness saves, but that courage in the face of opposition confirms the believer’s genuine faith and new birth. The source of this assurance is not self-generated bravery, but divine enablement—from God.
“In the world you will have tribulation; but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world.”
— John 16:33, NKJV
3. Suffering as a Gift from God
Philippians 1:29–30 (NKJV)
“For to you it has been granted on behalf of Christ,
not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer for His sake,
having the same conflict which you saw in me and now hear is in me.”
a. “For to you it has been granted… to believe and to suffer”
The word granted (echaristhē) comes from the same root as grace (charis). Thus, suffering is a grace gift, not a curse. Just as saving faith is a gift from God (Ephesians 2:8–9), so is the privilege of suffering for Christ.
This verse stands in stark contrast to modern prosperity teaching. According to Paul, suffering is not a detour from God’s will—it is often the main road.
“Beloved, do not think it strange concerning the fiery trial which is to try you,
as though some strange thing happened to you;
but rejoice to the extent that you partake of Christ’s sufferings…”
— 1 Peter 4:12–13, NKJV
b. “To suffer for His sake”
The word for suffer (paschō) refers to all forms of affliction but especially persecution. The apostles rejoiced when they were counted worthy to suffer shame for the name of Christ (Acts 5:41). Suffering, rightly embraced, is a platform for glorifying Jesus.
“Yes, and all who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus will suffer persecution.”
— 2 Timothy 3:12, NKJV
c. “Having the same conflict which you saw in me and now hear is in me”
The word conflict (agōn) gives us the English agony. It refers to intense struggle, like in Olympic competition or warfare. The Philippians had seen Paul’s suffering firsthand in Acts 16—when he was beaten and imprisoned in Philippi—and now hear of his chains in Rome. Paul is saying: You’re in the same fight as I am—wear your scars as marks of honor.
“I now rejoice in my sufferings for you, and fill up in my flesh what is lacking in the afflictions of Christ…”
— Colossians 1:24, NKJV
Closing Summary and Application
Christian conduct must reflect the gospel—especially when spiritual leadership is absent.
Unity and boldness are essential weapons against opposition.
Fearlessness is a sign of salvation and a testimony to the destruction awaiting Christ’s enemies.
Suffering is not an accident; it is an assignment—graciously granted for Christ’s sake.
You are not alone in your trials—Paul, the Philippians, and all faithful believers share the same agonizing struggle, and therefore the same eternal reward.
