Exodus Chapter 14
The Crossing of the Red Sea
A. The Pursuit of Pharaoh’s Armies
(Exodus 14:1–4)
Now the LORD spoke to Moses, saying: “Speak to the children of Israel, that they turn and camp before Pi Hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, opposite Baal Zephon; you shall camp before it by the sea. For Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, ‘They are bewildered by the land; the wilderness has closed them in.’ Then I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, so that he will pursue them; and I will gain honor over Pharaoh and over all his army, that the Egyptians may know that I am the LORD.” And they did so.
The Lord commanded Israel to turn and encamp before Pi Hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, opposite Baal Zephon. This direction seemed illogical from a human standpoint because it placed Israel in a position where they were trapped between the wilderness and the sea. Yet this was precisely the position where God wanted them. The Lord declared that Pharaoh would interpret Israel’s movements as confusion, believing they were trapped and vulnerable. God used this appearance of weakness to draw Pharaoh into His divine trap. The text reveals that God’s purpose was not only to deliver His people but to gain honor over Pharaoh and all his army so that the Egyptians would know that He alone is the Lord.
God orchestrated these events intentionally to glorify His name through Pharaoh’s destruction. Even after the death of the firstborn, Pharaoh’s repentance was only temporary. His pride and hardness of heart made him a perfect vessel for demonstrating God’s power and justice. The Lord said, “Then I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, so that he will pursue them,” showing that God would strengthen Pharaoh’s resolve to chase Israel into destruction. This reveals a divine principle: God sometimes allows the wicked to persist in rebellion so that His ultimate victory over them will magnify His glory.
When Scripture says, “You shall camp before it by the sea,” we see that God Himself placed His people in an impossible position, one that would force them to rely completely upon His power. Human reasoning would have led them elsewhere, but divine wisdom led them to a place where only faith could sustain them. This principle applies even now: God often allows His people to face situations where deliverance can come only from Him, so that His power might be displayed through their weakness.
(Exodus 14:5–9)
Now it was told the king of Egypt that the people had fled, and the heart of Pharaoh and his servants was turned against the people; and they said, “Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from serving us?” So he made ready his chariot and took his people with him. Also, he took six hundred choice chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt with captains over every one of them. And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the children of Israel; and the children of Israel went out with boldness. So the Egyptians pursued them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, his horsemen and his army, and overtook them camping by the sea beside Pi Hahiroth, before Baal Zephon.
Pharaoh quickly regretted his decision to release Israel, saying, “Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from serving us?” This question reveals how sin blinds the heart. Pharaoh had already witnessed ten devastating plagues, yet he disregarded the overwhelming evidence of God’s supremacy. His pride and greed for slave labor clouded his reason. It is a vivid example of the insanity of sin, which causes people to forget divine warnings and pursue destruction.
Pharaoh gathered six hundred choice chariots along with all the chariots of Egypt, placing captains over each one. Chariots represented the height of Egyptian military technology, swift and formidable instruments of war. Israel had no weapons, no chariots, and no military training. Yet the children of Israel went out “with boldness,” a phrase which in Hebrew (ruwn yad) can also convey the idea of rebellion or defiance. Their rebellion was righteous when directed against Pharaoh and his tyranny, but later that same spirit would turn against God and His appointed leaders. The lesson is clear: rebellion, when misdirected, becomes destructive.
The Lord again hardened Pharaoh’s heart, not by creating evil within it, but by strengthening his own stubborn will. Pharaoh was already set against God, and the Lord merely confirmed him in that path to accomplish His purpose. Pharaoh’s pursuit of Israel mirrors Satan’s pursuit of believers. When a person escapes from the bondage of sin, the enemy does not easily surrender his claim. He seeks to reclaim or destroy those who have been set free. Just as Pharaoh pursued Israel to the edge of the sea, so Satan seeks to overwhelm the believer who has been liberated by Christ. But God’s purpose remains steadfast: He allows the pursuit so that His deliverance might reveal His unmatched power and bring glory to His name.
The Crossing of the Red Sea
B. The Response of the Children of Israel
(Exodus 14:10–12)
And when Pharaoh drew near, the children of Israel lifted their eyes, and behold, the Egyptians marched after them. So they were very afraid, and the children of Israel cried out to the LORD. Then they said to Moses, “Because there were no graves in Egypt, have you taken us away to die in the wilderness? Why have you so dealt with us, to bring us up out of Egypt? Is this not the word that we told you in Egypt, saying, ‘Let us alone that we may serve the Egyptians?’ For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than that we should die in the wilderness.”
When Pharaoh’s armies appeared on the horizon, the people of Israel were overtaken by fear. They lifted their eyes and saw the Egyptians marching toward them, with the Red Sea on one side and the might of Egypt closing in from the other. Scripture records that “they were very afraid.” This fear was understandable from a human standpoint, for their situation seemed hopeless. God had led them to a place with no visible escape, an apparent trap. The only way out was blocked by the Egyptian army. Humanly speaking, as Adam Clarke notes, the unarmed and encumbered Israelites could not possibly resist the swift chariots and trained cavalry of Pharaoh’s forces.
Yet it was precisely this situation that God had orchestrated. He often leads His people into positions where deliverance can come only by His hand, so that they may learn to trust Him completely. Charles Spurgeon insightfully remarked that there were “no two ways to choose from.” Israel could not wander or take an alternate path; their only road was through the sea, a way that God Himself would open. This divine narrowing of options removed self-reliance and forced complete dependence on the Lord.
The children of Israel did what was right in one respect—they cried out to the LORD. In times of danger and despair, that is always the correct response. As it says in Psalm 46:1, “God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble.” Their panic was understandable, yet it revealed how quickly faith can falter when eyes are fixed on the enemy instead of the Lord. G. Campbell Morgan noted that “the panic of the people is hardly to be wondered at when we think of their circumstances.” Still, their words to Moses showed a loss of confidence in God’s purpose.
Their complaint was sharp and sarcastic: “Because there were no graves in Egypt, have you taken us away to die in the wilderness?” This was mockery of the cruelest kind, since Egypt was a land famous for its graves and tombs, covering nearly three-fourths of its land area with monuments to the dead. They accused Moses of bringing them into the desert to perish, ignoring the miraculous power that had delivered them from Egypt. Fear had distorted their perception. They forgot the slavery and suffering they endured and began to imagine Egypt as a place of safety and comfort.
This reveals the danger of nostalgia for the old life of bondage. They said, “Let us alone that we may serve the Egyptians,” demonstrating how fear can make people long for the very chains they were freed from. Many believers today repeat this pattern when they face spiritual warfare or hardship after salvation. They look back at their former life of sin and imagine it was easier, forgetting that it was a life of slavery. Israel’s complaint, “It would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than that we should die in the wilderness,” shows the human tendency to prefer comfortable bondage over risky faith. Yet faith always requires trusting God even when the path forward seems impossible.
(Exodus 14:13–14)
And Moses said to the people, “Do not be afraid. Stand still, and see the salvation of the LORD, which He will accomplish for you today. For the Egyptians whom you see today, you shall see again no more forever. The LORD will fight for you, and you shall hold your peace.”
Moses responded to the people with courage and faith. He did not yet know how God would deliver them, but he knew with absolute certainty that He would. His first command was, “Do not be afraid.” Moses understood that fear paralyzes faith. Though the situation looked impossible, Moses believed that God had not brought them this far to abandon them. The Lord had already displayed His power in Egypt; therefore, Moses was confident He would act again.
He instructed them to “stand still.” This command was not a call to passivity but to calm, steadfast trust. In moments of crisis, fear tells us to retreat, impatience urges us to act rashly, and presumption tempts us to run ahead of God. Yet the Lord often tells His people to stand still—to cease striving, stop complaining, and wait for His salvation. This principle is repeated throughout Scripture. In 2 Chronicles 20:17, Jehoshaphat was told, “You will not need to fight in this battle. Position yourselves, stand still and see the salvation of the LORD, who is with you.” In the same way, Israel was called to witness what only God could do.
Moses declared, “See the salvation of the LORD, which He will accomplish for you today.” He did not know the method of deliverance but knew the outcome—God would save His people. The word salvation here refers to literal rescue from danger, yet as the Old Testament unfolds, it comes to represent the spiritual deliverance God provides through faith. As Psalm 51:12 later states, “Restore to me the joy of Your salvation, and uphold me by Your generous Spirit.” Salvation, whether physical or spiritual, is always the work of the Lord, not man.
Moses concluded with the assurance, “For the Egyptians whom you see today, you shall see again no more forever.” This was both a promise of immediate victory and a prophetic statement of eternal separation. The power of Egypt that had enslaved Israel would be broken permanently. The Lord Himself would fight for them while they stood still and held their peace. This command, “hold your peace,” means to rest in silent confidence, trusting that God’s plan will unfold perfectly. Moses demonstrated a faith that stood firm in the face of fear, reminding believers that when our eyes are fixed on God, we can face the most impossible circumstances with courage and calm assurance.
The Crossing of the Red Sea
C. God Leads Israel Across the Red Sea
(Exodus 14:15–18)
And the LORD said to Moses, “Why do you cry to Me? Tell the children of Israel to go forward. But lift up your rod, and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it. And the children of Israel shall go on dry ground through the midst of the sea. And I indeed will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall follow them. So I will gain honor over Pharaoh and over all his army, his chariots, and his horsemen. Then the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I have gained honor for Myself over Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen.”
When God told Moses, “Why do you cry to Me?” it was not a rebuke against prayer itself but against inaction. Moses had already cried out to God for help, and now it was time to obey. This illustrates an important spiritual principle: there are moments when prayer must give way to obedience. Prayer and faith must be accompanied by action when God has already given clear direction. Moses’ private anguish before God was hidden from the people; before Israel he showed confidence, but before God he poured out his heart in desperation. That balance is healthy—public faith and private dependence. Yet the Lord now told him to move forward.
Spurgeon wisely noted, “There is a time for praying, but there is also a time for holy activity.” In other words, prayer must never become a substitute for obedience. God sometimes says, “Stop praying and start doing.” It is possible to spiritualize disobedience by hiding behind the excuse of “seeking God’s will,” when He has already revealed it. As John Trapp commented, “We must not only crave God’s help, but be forward in the course whereby to make way for God’s help.” God often blesses action that proceeds in faith.
The Lord then gave Moses the specific command: “Lift up your rod, and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it.” These were simple acts of obedience connected to an extraordinary miracle. The power did not come from Moses or the rod but from the omnipotent hand of God. Moses’ action demonstrated faith, and faith connected him to divine power. Adam Clarke observed that “Neither Moses nor his rod could be any effective instrument in a work which could be accomplished only by the omnipotence of God; but it was necessary that he should appear in it, in order that he might have credit in the sight of the Israelites.”
This same principle applies to salvation. The greatest miracle of all—redemption—is performed by God alone, yet it is accessed through simple acts of faith and obedience. Just as the rod of Moses did not part the waters, our works do not save us. But our faith, like Moses’ outstretched hand, connects us to God’s saving power.
God further declared that through this event He would again “gain honor over Pharaoh and over all his army.” This statement shows that the Lord’s purpose extended beyond Israel’s deliverance; it was to display His glory before all nations. The miracle at the Red Sea was a divine answer to Pharaoh’s earlier question in Exodus 5:2: “Who is the LORD, that I should obey His voice to let Israel go?” Through judgment, God would make His name known not only in Egypt but throughout the world.
This principle extends even to the spiritual realm. As Ephesians 3:10–11 teaches, “To the intent that now the manifold wisdom of God might be made known by the church to the principalities and powers in the heavenly places, according to the eternal purpose which He accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord.” God uses the obedience and faith of His people to teach both men and angels of His power. Every act of divine deliverance serves as a testimony not only to humanity but to the invisible realm of spiritual beings who witness God’s glory through His redeemed people.
(Exodus 14:19–20)
And the Angel of God, who went before the camp of Israel, moved and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud went from before them and stood behind them. So it came between the camp of the Egyptians and the camp of Israel. Thus it was a cloud and darkness to the one, and it gave light by night to the other, so that the one did not come near the other all that night.
The text reveals that “the Angel of God”—a preincarnate manifestation of Christ, as often understood in Baptist theology—moved from before Israel to behind them. The same pillar of cloud and fire that had guided them now shifted position to protect them. This movement symbolized God’s direct intervention in battle, standing as a barrier between His people and their enemies. The cloud that once led now defended, showing that the same divine presence which guides also guards.
The Lord’s protection was both visible and supernatural. It created a division between the camp of Israel and the camp of Egypt—light for God’s people and darkness for their foes. The Egyptians could not advance; the pillar of cloud and fire held them back all night. This represents the protective grace of God over His children. We often underestimate how much unseen danger God shields us from daily. Were He to withdraw His presence even momentarily, the attacks of our enemies—both human and spiritual—would overwhelm us.
The Egyptians, blinded by pride, did not realize that the same pillar that prevented their advance also prolonged their lives for a few more hours. If they had humbled themselves and submitted to the Lord who blocked their way, they might have been spared. But rebellion blinded them to grace.
The passage says, “Thus it was a cloud and darkness to the one, and it gave light by night to the other.” This striking contrast illustrates the dual nature of God’s presence. The same glory that brings illumination and guidance to the believer brings darkness and judgment to the unbeliever. Kaiser rightly noted that this scene depicts “the double nature of the glory of God in salvation and judgment.” The same gospel that saves one person condemns another who rejects it.
As John 3:19 declares, “And this is the condemnation, that the light has come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.” Similarly, 2 Corinthians 2:15–16 says, “For we are to God the fragrance of Christ among those who are being saved and among those who are perishing. To the one we are the aroma of death leading to death, and to the other the aroma of life leading to life.” The Red Sea scene mirrors that very truth—God’s presence is both salvation and destruction, depending on the heart’s response.
The Crossing of the Red Sea
D. God Leads Israel Across the Red Sea and Destroys the Egyptian Army
(Exodus 14:21–22)
Then Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all that night, and made the sea into dry land, and the waters were divided. So the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea on the dry ground, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
When Moses stretched out his hand over the sea in obedience to the command of the LORD, a miraculous transformation began to take place. Scripture tells us that “the LORD caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all that night.” This east wind, divinely controlled and sustained, turned the sea into dry land and divided the waters. It was both a supernatural and providential event—God using His creation to accomplish His divine purpose.
The body of water here is referred to elsewhere in Scripture as the Red Sea (Exodus 13:18; 15:14), translated from the Hebrew yam suph, meaning “Sea of Reeds.” This term has led scholars to various theories regarding the exact location of the crossing. Gleason Pfeiffer notes that yam suph aptly describes the region north of the Gulf of Suez, including the Bitter Lakes and Lake Timsah. It is possible that the Israelites crossed through a narrow neck of land near Baal-zephon, and that the “Sea of Reeds” referred to what is now known as Lake Sirbonis. What is certain is that, after crossing, Israel found themselves in the Wilderness of Shur (Exodus 15:22), which aligns with this general region.
Though the precise geography has shifted over time due to floods and environmental changes, the essential truth stands: there was enough water to trap the Israelites and later drown Pharaoh’s army. Whether the water was ten feet deep or more is secondary to the fact that the miracle involved both the parting and the sustaining of the walls of water, along with the creation of dry ground for passage. Recent research has also suggested that the crossing could have occurred further east, at the Gulf of Aqaba—either at Nuweiba Beach, Ezion Geber, or the Straits of Tiran—if Mount Sinai was located in Arabia rather than the Sinai Peninsula.
Regardless of location, the miracle is undeniable. Scripture says that “the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea on the dry ground.” The Hebrew wording emphasizes that the ground was completely dry, not muddy or damp. The LORD had prepared a way where there was no way. Israel walked between walls of water on both sides, a vivid representation of salvation—deliverance through judgment. As Psalm 77:16–20 poetically recounts, “The waters saw You, O God; the waters saw You, they were afraid; the depths also trembled. The clouds poured out water; the skies sent out a sound; Your arrows also flashed about. The voice of Your thunder was in the whirlwind; the lightnings lit up the world; the earth trembled and shook. Your way was in the sea, Your path in the great waters, and Your footsteps were not known.” The psalmist confirms that the event was accompanied by thunder, lightning, and heavy rain—a terrifying yet awe-inspiring display of divine power.
Skeptics have long tried to dismiss this as legend, but even modern scientific models affirm that such an event could occur naturally under specific conditions. A 1992 Los Angeles Times article by Thomas H. Maugh summarized findings from the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, noting that “a moderate wind blowing constantly for about ten hours could have caused the sea to recede about a mile and the water level to drop ten feet, leaving dry land.” Yet even if God used natural means, the timing, precision, and purpose make this a supernatural miracle. As Adam Clarke sharply commented, “To hear those who profess to believe this to be a Divine revelation endeavoring to prove that the passage of the Red Sea had nothing miraculous in it, is really intolerable. Poor infidelity! how miserable and despicable are thy shifts!” The true miracle was not in the mechanism, but in the divine orchestration that saved God’s people and judged their enemies simultaneously.
(Exodus 14:23–28)
And the Egyptians pursued and went after them into the midst of the sea, all Pharaoh’s horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. Now it came to pass, in the morning watch, that the LORD looked down upon the army of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and cloud, and He troubled the army of the Egyptians. And He took off their chariot wheels, so that they drove them with difficulty; and the Egyptians said, “Let us flee from the face of Israel, for the LORD fights for them against the Egyptians.” Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the sea, that the waters may come back upon the Egyptians, on their chariots, and on their horsemen.” And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and when the morning appeared, the sea returned to its full depth, while the Egyptians were fleeing into it. So the LORD overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. Then the waters returned and covered the chariots, the horsemen, and all the army of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them. Not so much as one of them remained.
As Israel crossed safely to the other side, Pharaoh’s army—driven by pride and blinded by rage—rushed headlong into the sea after them. In the morning watch (roughly between 2 a.m. and 6 a.m.), the LORD looked down upon the Egyptian army through the pillar of fire and cloud and “troubled the army of the Egyptians.” The language here signifies confusion, panic, and terror. God intervened directly to dismantle their military advantage, “taking off their chariot wheels,” so that they could only move with great difficulty. Suddenly, the might of Egypt was rendered powerless.
This was not mere coincidence; it was divine warfare. The Egyptians themselves recognized it, crying out, “Let us flee from the face of Israel, for the LORD fights for them against the Egyptians.” It was too late, however, for their repentance was born not of faith but of fear. God then instructed Moses once again to “stretch out your hand over the sea.” As he obeyed, the walls of water that had stood firm for Israel now collapsed upon the Egyptians. The same path that had been salvation for God’s people became destruction for their enemies.
Modern research again affirms the possibility of this event. The same Los Angeles Times article by Thomas Maugh reported that a sudden change in wind direction could cause the sea to rush back violently in moments—exactly as the Bible describes. Yet the real explanation lies not in meteorology but theology. The hand of God executed both judgment and deliverance in perfect harmony.
God could have accomplished all of this without Moses, but He chose to use him as His instrument. By instructing Moses to stretch out his hand once more, God publicly vindicated His servant before Israel. The people who had accused Moses of leading them to die in the wilderness (Exodus 14:10–12) now saw God’s power work through him. This established Moses’ authority as the chosen leader and mediator of God’s covenant people.
The final verse is decisive: “Not so much as one of them remained.” The total destruction of Pharaoh’s forces marked a permanent turning point in Israel’s history. Egypt, once the world’s superpower, was humbled before the living God. Never again would Pharaoh or his army trouble Israel. The sea became both a tomb for their enemies and a gateway to a new life of freedom. It was the ultimate display of God’s faithfulness, power, and justice—a foreshadowing of the greater deliverance that Christ would one day bring through His own death and resurrection.
The Crossing of the Red Sea
E. Summary: Another Act of Redemption on Israel’s Behalf
(Exodus 14:29–31)
But the children of Israel had walked on dry land in the midst of the sea, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand and on their left. So the LORD saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore. Thus Israel saw the great work which the LORD had done in Egypt; so the people feared the LORD, and believed the LORD and His servant Moses.
This passage concludes one of the greatest redemptive events in all of Scripture. The children of Israel had crossed through the midst of the sea on dry ground, with the waters forming a wall on both sides. The miracle was complete, undeniable, and irreversible. What had once been an impassable barrier now became the path of deliverance. On the far shore, Israel stood free—redeemed not by human power but by the direct hand of God.
When the people looked back, “Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore.” This sight served as the final confirmation of their deliverance. The oppressors who had enslaved them for centuries were gone, their bodies scattered along the coast. God did not merely drive them back or weaken them; He annihilated their power completely. As Alan Cole observed, this “graphic touch” bears the mark of an eyewitness account, emphasizing the tangible nature of God’s victory. The drowned soldiers symbolized the complete end of Israel’s old life in bondage. Their presence on the shore was a visual declaration that the slavery of Egypt was finished forever.
This truth also holds a spiritual lesson for every believer. Just as Israel could look upon their defeated enemies, so too God’s people will one day look upon the utter defeat of sin, death, and every force of evil. F. B. Meyer captured this beautifully: “Though the pressure of your trial is almost unbearable, you will one day see your Egyptian dead.” Every trial, every spiritual battle, every wound endured in the wilderness will one day end in victory. And in eternity, as Meyer further wrote, “they will awake with songs of joy to see death and the grave and all the evils that they dreaded, like Egyptians, strewn on the shores of the sea of glass.” This is the ultimate hope of redemption—total and eternal deliverance.
Adam Clarke suggested that the Israelites may have plundered the dead Egyptians, taking their weapons and armor. If true, this would mean that God not only destroyed their enemies but also equipped His people for the battles ahead. The same God who delivers also prepares. What the enemy intended for harm, God turned into provision for His people’s future victories.
The text then declares, “So the LORD saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians.” The Hebrew word for saved here, yasha, carries the sense of deliverance, rescue, or redemption—the same root used throughout Scripture for salvation. This was not merely physical rescue but a covenantal act of redemption, demonstrating God’s faithfulness and power. The people could never again doubt that the LORD was both willing and able to save.
Charles Spurgeon illustrated this truth with the story of an elderly believer on her deathbed. When someone asked what she would do if Jesus failed to keep His promise, she replied, “Then He would be the greater loser than I.” Her point was profound: if God failed to save those He promised to redeem, He would lose His own glory and faithfulness. Spurgeon rightly concluded that God’s motive for deliverance is not only His love for His people but also His desire to guard His own honor. God’s faithfulness to Israel was as much about His glory as their survival.
Spurgeon also applied this to believers today: “If we have trusted in God, and have come out of the Egypt of the world through His grace, and have left all its sins behind us, if we were left to die in the wilderness, the Lord Jesus Christ would lose His glory as a Saviour, the divine Father would lose His name for immutable faithfulness, and the Holy Ghost would lose His honour for perseverance in completing every work which He undertakes.” Thus, every act of divine deliverance is bound to the integrity of God’s own character.
Finally, “the people feared the LORD, and believed the LORD and His servant Moses.” This was exactly the response God desired. Israel’s fear was not terror but reverence—an awe-filled recognition of God’s holiness and power. Their faith in the LORD and in Moses marked a moment of unity and obedience. Yet this faith, as later events would show, was fragile and fleeting. Their trust was rooted more in the emotion of the moment than in enduring conviction.
Still, this moment stands as a spiritual summit. For the first time, the nation collectively believed. The redemption of Passover and the deliverance at the Red Sea were inseparable acts of God’s saving work. The blood of the lamb had spared them from judgment, and the power of God had freed them from bondage. Likewise, for believers today, the cross and resurrection must be seen together. The cross secures redemption, but the resurrection seals victory. Without the resurrection, the cross would have ended in defeat; without the cross, the resurrection would have had no foundation. In both, the power and grace of God are displayed in full.
G. Campbell Morgan summarized this moment by writing, “The new nation walked through a threatened death toward a new life in a consciousness of the presence and power of Jehovah from which they could not escape.” Israel emerged from the Red Sea as a redeemed people—a nation birthed through water and the Spirit, symbolically anticipating the believer’s salvation through Christ.
