When can a doctrine be considered truly biblical?
When Can a Doctrine Be Considered Truly Biblical?
A Graduate-Level Exploration in Baptist Theology
A doctrine can only be considered truly biblical when it is explicitly taught in Scripture. This determination requires careful study of God’s Word, proper hermeneutics, and adherence to the principle of sola scriptura—the conviction that the Bible is the sole and sufficient authority for faith and practice. The distinction between biblical, unbiblical, extra-biblical, and biblically based doctrines is critical to understanding and preserving sound theology.
Categories of Doctrine
Unbiblical Doctrine
An unbiblical doctrine is any teaching that directly contradicts the Bible’s clear teaching. For example, the belief that Jesus sinned is unbiblical because it opposes passages like Hebrews 4:15, which states: “For we do not have a High Priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but was in all points tempted as we are, yet without sin” (NKJV). Similarly, any teaching that denies the deity of Christ or the sufficiency of grace for salvation is unbiblical, as it contradicts the core truths of Scripture (John 1:1, 14; Ephesians 2:8-9).Extra-Biblical Doctrine
Extra-biblical doctrines are teachings or practices that are not directly addressed in the Bible. They are outside the explicit scope of Scripture but not necessarily opposed to its principles. For example, the Bible does not explicitly command or forbid voting in democratic elections, yet voting is often viewed as a positive practice aligned with biblical principles of stewardship and seeking justice (Micah 6:8). Similarly, the observance of Lent or specific holidays is extra-biblical, as Romans 14:5 states: “One person esteems one day above another; another esteems every day alike. Let each be fully convinced in his own mind” (NKJV).Biblically Based Doctrine
Biblically based doctrines are teachings derived from general biblical principles but not explicitly mentioned in Scripture. For instance, while the Bible does not directly address smoking, the principle of treating the body as a temple of the Holy Spirit applies: “Or do you not know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have from God, and you are not your own? For you were bought at a price; therefore glorify God in your body and in your spirit, which are God’s” (1 Corinthians 6:19-20, NKJV). Biblically based doctrines must be consistent with the overarching teaching of Scripture to be considered valid.Biblical Doctrine
Biblical doctrines are teachings explicitly stated in Scripture. These doctrines form the foundation of Christian faith and practice. Examples include:God’s creation of the universe: “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth” (Genesis 1:1, NKJV).
The universal sinfulness of humanity: “For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23, NKJV).
The virgin birth of Christ: “Behold, the virgin shall be with child, and bear a Son, and they shall call His name Immanuel” (Matthew 1:23, NKJV).
The physical death and resurrection of Jesus: “For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures” (1 Corinthians 15:3-4, NKJV).
Salvation by grace through faith: “For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, not of works, lest anyone should boast” (Ephesians 2:8-9, NKJV).
The inspiration and authority of Scripture: “All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work” (2 Timothy 3:16-17, NKJV).
Biblical vs. Extra-Biblical: Avoiding Confusion
The greatest challenges arise when these categories are blurred or misunderstood. For example:
Elevating Extra-Biblical Teachings: Some may present extra-biblical practices as if they were divinely commanded doctrines. This often leads to legalism, as Jesus condemned the Pharisees for doing: “And in vain they worship Me, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men” (Mark 7:7, NKJV).
Dismissing Biblical Essentials: Others may treat explicit biblical teachings, such as the deity of Christ or the authority of Scripture, as optional. This undermines the faith and distorts the gospel.
The Role of Hermeneutics in Determining Biblical Doctrine
Hermeneutics, the art and science of interpreting Scripture, is essential in discerning what is truly biblical. Key principles of Baptist hermeneutics include:
Scripture Interprets Scripture: Clear passages shed light on less clear passages.
Context is King: Every verse must be understood in its literary, historical, and theological context.
Literal, Grammatical, Historical Interpretation: The Bible’s intended meaning is determined by its plain language, grammar, and historical background.
These principles ensure that doctrines are rooted in Scripture and not personal opinion or cultural bias.
Application of Biblical Doctrine
Biblical doctrines are non-negotiable truths that unite believers and guide Christian living. As Paul instructed Timothy: “Hold fast the pattern of sound words which you have heard from me, in faith and love which are in Christ Jesus” (2 Timothy 1:13, NKJV). Doctrines explicitly taught in Scripture are essential for:
Teaching and Discipleship: Biblical doctrine equips believers to grow in their faith and knowledge of God (Ephesians 4:11-14).
Defense of the Faith: Sound doctrine enables believers to refute error and stand firm against false teachings (Titus 1:9).
Worship and Obedience: Right theology leads to right worship and faithful living (Romans 12:1-2).
Conclusion
A doctrine is truly biblical when it is clearly taught in Scripture, aligns with its principles, and is consistent with God’s revealed truth. Believers must carefully study God’s Word, rightly dividing the truth, and remain committed to the sufficiency of Scripture in all matters of faith and practice. As Paul reminds us: “Test all things; hold fast what is good” (1 Thessalonians 5:21, NKJV). By doing so, the church can preserve its witness, avoid error, and glorify God in truth.
