What is a devil’s advocate?
What Is a Devil’s Advocate?
The term devil’s advocate has its roots in history, particularly within the Roman Catholic Church, but its modern application is broader and more general. The role of a devil’s advocate is to deliberately present a contrary perspective, often one the advocate does not personally hold, for the purpose of fostering discussion, refining ideas, or exposing weaknesses in arguments. While the term may sound sinister, it is not inherently negative and, when used appropriately, can be a helpful tool for critical thinking and decision-making.
Historical Origin of the Devil’s Advocate
The concept of a devil’s advocate originated within the Roman Catholic Church. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V formalized the office of the Promoter of the Faith (Latin: Advocatus Diaboli), whose role was to critically examine the evidence supporting the beatification and canonization of individuals being considered for sainthood. The Promoter of the Faith acted as a prosecutor in the process, scrutinizing claims of miracles, examining testimonies, and highlighting possible character flaws or misrepresentations. This rigorous process ensured that candidates for sainthood were evaluated with the utmost scrutiny.
The function of the devil’s advocate was to challenge the validity of miracles and the virtues attributed to the candidate. This role ensured that the evidence for sainthood was not accepted uncritically. However, in 1983, Pope John Paul II revised the canonization procedures, significantly reducing the prominence of the devil’s advocate in the process.
Modern Understanding of the Devil’s Advocate
In contemporary usage, playing devil’s advocate refers to taking a contrarian position in a discussion, often for the sake of argument, to encourage deeper exploration of an issue. The person assuming this role does not necessarily believe the viewpoint they are defending but seeks to test the strength of the original argument. For example, one might argue against a proposed plan, even if they agree with it, to expose potential weaknesses or alternative perspectives.
This rhetorical tool is frequently employed in academic, legal, and theological discussions to stimulate critical thinking and robust dialogue. The goal is not to undermine truth but to refine and clarify ideas by exposing them to rigorous examination.
Biblical Principles Relevant to Playing Devil’s Advocate
1. Examining Motives
Before playing devil’s advocate, it is important to evaluate one’s motives. Are we genuinely trying to promote understanding and critical thought, or are we merely stirring up contention for its own sake? Scripture warns against pointless arguments and divisiveness:
“But avoid foolish and ignorant disputes, knowing that they generate strife.” (2 Timothy 2:23)
“Let no corrupt word proceed out of your mouth, but what is good for necessary edification, that it may impart grace to the hearers.” (Ephesians 4:29)
Engaging in debate solely to provoke or irritate others is not consistent with a Christlike attitude. Instead, our words should build others up and contribute to constructive dialogue.
2. Promoting Truth and Wisdom
The role of a devil’s advocate can align with biblical principles when it seeks to sharpen others and promote truth. Proverbs underscores the value of constructive criticism and wisdom:
“As iron sharpens iron, so a man sharpens the countenance of his friend.” (Proverbs 27:17)
“A wise man will hear and increase learning, and a man of understanding will attain wise counsel.” (Proverbs 1:5)
By challenging ideas with gentleness and respect, we can help others refine their thoughts and grow in understanding.
3. Encouraging Critical Thinking in Faith
Playing devil’s advocate in matters of faith can help believers be better prepared to defend their beliefs. The apostle Peter calls Christians to be ready to give a reason for their hope:
“But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and always be ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear.” (1 Peter 3:15)
Constructively challenging someone’s understanding of Scripture or theology can lead to deeper study and a firmer grasp of biblical truths.
4. Avoiding Worldly Arguments
While the devil’s advocate role can be valuable, it should not devolve into pointless or contentious debates. Paul’s admonition to Timothy is clear:
“But shun profane and idle babblings, for they will increase to more ungodliness.” (2 Timothy 2:16)
“If anyone teaches otherwise and does not consent to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which accords with godliness, he is proud, knowing nothing, but is obsessed with disputes and arguments over words, from which come envy, strife, reviling, evil suspicions.” (1 Timothy 6:3–4)
The ultimate goal of any discussion should be edification, not strife.
Playing Devil’s Advocate in Christian Apologetics
In the realm of apologetics, assuming the role of devil’s advocate can be a useful strategy. It allows believers to anticipate objections to their faith and prepare thoughtful responses. For example, one might argue from the perspective of an atheist to explore how the Christian worldview answers common challenges. This approach sharpens the apologist’s ability to defend biblical truth and engage meaningfully with skeptics.
Guidelines for Playing Devil’s Advocate
Announce Your Role: Clearly state that you are playing devil’s advocate to avoid misunderstandings and maintain a respectful tone.
Focus on Constructive Dialogue: Ensure that the goal is to build understanding, not to win an argument or sow discord.
Be Humble: Approach the conversation with a spirit of humility, recognizing that you may also learn from the exchange.
Stay Grounded in Scripture: When addressing theological topics, always return to the Word of God as the ultimate authority.
Conclusion
The role of a devil’s advocate, when used appropriately, can be a powerful tool for fostering critical thinking, refining ideas, and promoting truth. However, it must be exercised with caution, humility, and a commitment to godly principles. Scripture calls us to use our words wisely, building others up and pointing them to Christ. By challenging ideas in a thoughtful and respectful manner, believers can encourage deeper understanding and a stronger foundation in God’s truth. “Let your speech always be with grace, seasoned with salt, that you may know how you ought to answer each one” (Colossians 4:6).
